Nokea
A client has type1 diabetes. Her husband finds her unconscious at home and administers glucagons, 0.5 mg S.C. She awakens in 5 minutes .Why her husband offer a complex carbohydrate snack to her as soon as possible?
- A. To decrease the possibility of nausea and vomiting
- B. To restore liver glycogen and prevent secondary hypoglycemia
- C. To stimulate her appetite
- D. To decrease the amount of glycogen in her system
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Providing a complex carbohydrate snack to the client after she has been treated with glucagon is important to restore liver glycogen and prevent secondary hypoglycemia. Glucagon works by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose, which quickly raises blood sugar levels. However, this can deplete the liver's glycogen stores, making the client susceptible to experiencing hypoglycemia again if additional glucose is not consumed. Offering a complex carbohydrate snack will help replenish the liver's glycogen stores and sustain blood sugar levels to prevent a recurrence of hypoglycemia.
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A 14-year-old boy and his parents are concerned about bilateral breast enlargement. The nurse's discussion of this should be based on which statement?
- A. This is usually benign and temporary.
- B. This is usually caused by Klinefelter syndrome.
- C. Administration of estrogen effectively reduces gynecomastia.
- D. Administration of testosterone effectively reduces gynecomastia.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct statement is that bilateral breast enlargement in a 14-year-old boy is usually benign and temporary. This condition, known as gynecomastia, is commonly seen during puberty due to hormonal changes. It typically resolves on its own without the need for intervention. It is important for the nurse to reassure the boy and his parents that this is a normal occurrence and should not be a cause for major concern. It is crucial to address any underlying anxieties and provide education on the natural course of puberty-related changes.
The couple with the lowest risk of having a child with sickle cell disease is the one in which the:
- A. Father is HbS and mother is HbS
- B. Father is HbAS and the mother is
- C. Father is HbS and mother is HbAS HbAS
- D. Father is HbA and the mother is HbS
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the HBB gene, resulting in the production of abnormal hemoglobin called HbS. In order to have a child with sickle cell disease, both parents must be carriers of the HbS gene.
A 52-year old female tells the nurse that she has found a painless lump in her right breast during her monthly self- examination. Which assessment finding would strongly suggest that this client's lump is cancerous?
- A. Eversion of the right nipple and mobile mass
- B. Mobile mass that is soft and easily
- C. Non-mobile mass with irregular edges delineated
- D. Non palpable right axillary lymph nodes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The assessment finding that strongly suggests that the client's lump is cancerous is a non-mobile mass with irregular edges delineated. Generally, cancerous breast lumps tend to have irregular shapes/edges and lack mobility. This finding is concerning for malignancy because it indicates that the lump is fixed in place and possibly invading nearby tissues, which are characteristics often associated with cancerous tumors. It's essential for the client to undergo further diagnostic tests, such as a biopsy, to confirm the presence of cancer and establish a proper treatment plan.
Patients with Guillain-Barre Syndrome should be closely monitored. Which of the ff. parameters is most important to be checked regularly for acute complications?
- A. BUN and creatinine
- B. Hgb and Hct
- C. ABG
- D. Serum potassium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patients with Guillain-Barre Syndrome are at risk for respiratory complications due to muscle weakness and paralysis, particularly affecting the respiratory muscles. Monitoring arterial blood gas (ABG) levels is crucial in assessing respiratory function and detecting respiratory failure early in these patients. ABG levels provide information on oxygenation, ventilation, and acid-base balance, which are essential parameters to monitor closely in patients with Guillain-Barre Syndrome to prevent respiratory compromise and potential respiratory failure. Regular ABG monitoring helps healthcare providers intervene promptly if respiratory abnormalities develop, ensuring timely treatment and preventing serious complications.
Which type of leukemia has been MOST likely developed in a 2-year-old child with Down syndrome in the neonatal period?
- A. ALL
- B. CML
- C. AML M1
- D. AML M6
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Transient myeloproliferative disorder in neonates with Down syndrome can evolve into AML M6.