Adult Medical Surgical ATI

Adult Medical Surgical ATI Related

Review Adult Medical Surgical ATI related questions and content

A client in a clinic presents with an acute asthma exacerbation. Which of the following medications should reduce the symptoms?

  • A. Cromolyn via a metered-dose inhaler
  • B. Montelukast orally
  • C. Budesonide via a dry-powder inhaler
  • D. Albuterol via a jet nebulizer
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Albuterol via a jet nebulizer. Albuterol is a short-acting beta agonist that works by relaxing the muscles in the airways, helping to open them up and improve airflow. When administered via a nebulizer, it provides quick relief during an acute asthma exacerbation by directly targeting the airways. Cromolyn (A) is a mast cell stabilizer that is used for preventing asthma symptoms, not for acute exacerbations. Montelukast (B) is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that is used for maintenance therapy, not for immediate relief. Budesonide (C) is an inhaled corticosteroid used for long-term control of asthma, not for acute symptom relief.

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Mr. Johnstone is treated for removal of foreign bodies in both eyes and is discharged with patches on both eyes. In teaching Mr. Johnstone's family to assist him in walking, the nurse advises the family member to

  • A. grasp him by the arm and walk behind him
  • B. grasp him by the arm and walk in front of him
  • C. offer your arm and walk in front of him
  • D. offer your arm and walk behind him
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Offering an arm and walking slightly ahead provides guidance and support while allowing the visually impaired person to follow safely.

A client is being treated for inhalational anthrax following bioterrorism exposure. Which of the following medications should NOT be expected as a common treatment for anthrax?

  • A. Ciprofloxacin
  • B. Doxycycline
  • C. Amoxicillin
  • D. Penicillin G
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Penicillin G. Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis, which is susceptible to ciprofloxacin and doxycycline. Penicillin and amoxicillin are not recommended due to the potential for B. anthracis to produce beta-lactamase, which can make the bacteria resistant to penicillin-based medications. Penicillin G is not effective in treating anthrax and should not be expected as a common treatment option.

End-of-life palliative nursing care involves

  • A. Constant assessment for changes in physiologic functioning.
  • B. Administering large doses of analgesics to keep the patient sedated.
  • C. Providing as little physical care as possible to prevent disturbing the patient.
  • D. Encouraging the patient and family members to verbalize their feelings of sadness
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Emotional and psychological support for both the patient and family is crucial in palliative care, helping them process feelings and find closure.

What is the mechanism of the placebo effect?

  • A. Individual believes a treatment method will be effective
  • B. Individual believes that the treatment is spiritual in nature
  • C. Individual believes the physician and his or her capabilities
  • D. Individual believes that the treatment method is without pain
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The placebo effect occurs when an individual believes a treatment will work, leading to psychological and physiological improvements due to positive expectations.

A 55-year-old smoker who is normally in good health reports having had a bad cough for the past 3 weeks. He does not have crackles, rhonchi, or discolored blood-tinged sputum. What would you expect his physician to rule out?

  • A. Asthma.
  • B. Pneumonia.
  • C. The flu.
  • D. Lung cancer.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Persistent cough in smokers raises suspicion for lung cancer.

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