Nokea
A client is admitted to an acute care facility with a tentative diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism. The nurse should monitor the client closely for the related problem of:
- A. Severe hypotension
- B. Profound neuromuscular irritability
- C. Excessive thirst
- D. Acute gastritis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypoparathyroidism is a condition characterized by decreased levels of parathyroid hormone, which can lead to low levels of calcium in the blood (hypocalcemia). Profound neuromuscular irritability is a significant complication of hypocalcemia and is a key concern for clients with hypoparathyroidism. Symptoms can include muscle cramps, tetany, seizures, and decreased cardiac contractility. Monitoring for neuromuscular irritability and promptly addressing low calcium levels are essential in the care of clients with hypoparathyroidism.
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The nurse is discussing development and play activities with the parent of a 2-month-old. Recommendations should include giving a first rattle at about which age?
- A. 2 months
- B. 4 months
- C. 7 months
- D. 9 months
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: At 2 months old, infants start to demonstrate more control over their arm movements and are becoming more aware of objects around them. They may also start to grasp objects intentionally. Giving a first rattle at this age can help stimulate their senses, promote sensory exploration, and encourage their fine motor skills development. This early exposure to different textures, shapes, and sounds can also aid in their cognitive and sensory development, making it an appropriate choice for a parent looking to support their baby's early growth and learning.
A nurse is planning care for a preterm newborn. Which interventions should the nurse implement for skin care? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Use cleaning agents with neutral pH.
- B. Rub skin during drying.
- C. Use adhesive remover solvent when removing tape.
- D. Avoid removing adhesives for at least 24 hours.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Using cleaning agents with neutral pH is important for the delicate skin of a preterm newborn to prevent irritation and damage.
The ABCD method offers one way to assess skin lesions for possible skin cancer. What does the A stand for?
- A. Actinic
- B. Arcus
- C. Asymmetry
- D. Assessment
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the ABCD method used to assess skin lesions for possible skin cancer, the letter A stands for Asymmetry. Asymmetry refers to the irregular shape of the lesion when one half of the lesion does not match the other half. Lesions that are symmetrical are less likely to be concerning for skin cancer, while asymmetrical lesions should be further evaluated by a healthcare professional. This characteristic helps in identifying potentially worrisome skin lesions early on for appropriate management.
the best prophylactic treatment to prevent further rheumatic fever attack:
- A. prednisone
- B. aspirin
- C. penicillin
- D. paracetamol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The best prophylactic treatment to prevent further rheumatic fever attacks is penicillin. Penicillin is recommended for long-term secondary prophylaxis to prevent the recurrence of acute rheumatic fever and reduce the risk of rheumatic heart disease. It helps to eradicate streptococcal infections, which are the underlying cause of rheumatic fever. Prednisone, aspirin, and paracetamol are not used for primary or secondary prevention of rheumatic fever.
Many factors in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients may affect the prognosis. Which of the following carries the worst outcome?
- A. elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level
- B. advanced disease
- C. extensive cervical lymph node involvement
- D. evidence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevated LDH levels are strongly associated with aggressive disease and poor prognosis.