Nokea
A client is admitted with a head injury. To monitor hypothalamic function, the nurse should monitor what parameters?
- A. Temp and urinary output
- B. Gastric aspirate and BP
- C. Heart rate and pupillary responses
- D. Respiratory rate and skin integrity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The hypothalamus regulates body temperature and fluid balance, making temperature and urinary output key parameters to monitor in head injury patients. Hypothalamic dysfunction can lead to disorders like diabetes insipidus or syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), affecting fluid balance and temperature regulation.
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Benzodiazepine medication is being used to help manage this patient's behavior?
- A. Sertraline (Zoloft)
- B. Donepezil (Aricept)
- C. Lorazepam (Ativan)
- D. Risperidone (Risperdal)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine used for agitation
A diagnosis of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm has been made in a patient with manifestations of a stroke. The nurse anticipates which treatment option that would be considered for the patient?
- A. Hyperventilation therapy
- B. Surgical clipping of the aneurysm
- C. Administration of hyperosmotic agents
- D. Administration of thrombolytic therapy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Surgical clipping prevents further bleeding from a ruptured aneurysm
Mary frequently has an increase in seizures before her menstrual period. An intervention that may help to decrease Mary's seizures is
- A. increasing exercise during the week before her period
- B. avoiding any cold or chilling during this time
- C. taking frequent rest periods
- D. decreasing fluid and salt intake
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Decreasing fluid and salt intake can reduce seizure frequency in some individuals.
Which specialized cell of the skin produces pigment?
- A. Keratinocyte
- B. Melanocyte
- C. Langerhans
- D. Horney
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Melanocytes are the correct answer because they are specialized cells in the skin that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. Melanin protects the skin from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation by absorbing and dissipating the energy, thereby reducing DNA damage in skin cells. This function is crucial for preventing skin cancer and other UV-induced damage.
Which of the following is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc:
- A. effector, afferent neuron, integration centre, efferent neuron, receptor
- B. receptor, afferent neuron, integration centre, efferent neuron, effector
- C. effector, efferent neuron, integration centre, afferent neuron, receptor
- D. receptor, efferent neuron, integration centre, afferent neuron, effector
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct sequence in a reflex arc is: receptor detects the stimulus, afferent neuron transmits the signal to the integration center, efferent neuron carries the response signal, and effector produces the response. Therefore, B is the correct answer.