LPN Pharmacology Practice Questions

LPN Pharmacology Practice Questions Related

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A client is admitted with coronary artery disease (CAD) and reports dyspnea at rest. What is the nurse's priority intervention?

  • A. Elevate the head of the bed.
  • B. Administer oxygen.
  • C. Perform continuous ECG monitoring.
  • D. Apply a nasal cannula.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The nurse's priority intervention for a client with coronary artery disease (CAD) experiencing dyspnea at rest is to elevate the head of the bed. Elevating the head of the bed helps improve lung expansion and reduces the workload on the heart, aiding in respiratory effort and cardiac function. This intervention is crucial in enhancing oxygenation and optimizing cardiac output in individuals with CAD presenting with dyspnea. Administering oxygen (Choice B) is important but elevating the head of the bed takes precedence as it directly addresses the client's respiratory distress. Continuous ECG monitoring (Choice C) and applying a nasal cannula (Choice D) are relevant interventions but not the priority when a client with CAD reports dyspnea at rest.

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What is the initial action the nurse should take for a client who had a myocardial infarction (MI) and is experiencing restlessness, agitation, and an increased respiratory rate?

  • A. Administer oxygen.
  • B. Administer morphine sulfate.
  • C. Notify the healthcare provider.
  • D. Take the client's blood pressure.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Administering oxygen is the priority action for a client experiencing restlessness, agitation, and an increased respiratory rate after a myocardial infarction (MI). This intervention helps ensure adequate oxygenation, improve cardiac function, and reduce the workload on the heart. Oxygen therapy takes precedence over administering medications like morphine sulfate or notifying the healthcare provider as it addresses the immediate need for oxygenation. Checking the blood pressure is also important but not as urgent as ensuring proper oxygen supply.

Michael calls the clinic to ask about taking fish oil supplements with his simvastatin prescription. The NP's response is:

  • A. Avoid fish oil as it will increase your risk of bleeding.
  • B. There are no known interactions; it is safe to take fish oil with simvastatin.
  • C. Avoid fish oil as it will decrease the effectiveness of the simvastatin.
  • D. Fish oil should only be taken with simvastatin if prescribed by your cardiologist.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Choice B is correct because fish oil (omega-3s) and simvastatin both lower triglycerides with no significant interactions; studies show they're safe together, enhancing lipid benefits. Choice A is incorrect as fish oil's bleeding risk is minimal and not amplified by simvastatin. Choice C is wrong because fish oil doesn't reduce simvastatin's efficacy—they're complementary. Choice D is incorrect since no prescription is needed for this safe combination.

A woman who is pregnant develops gestational diabetes. The NP's initial action is to:

  • A. prescribe an oral antidiabetic agent.
  • B. give her information about diet and exercise.
  • C. begin treating her with daily insulin injections.
  • D. reassure her that her glucose levels will return to normal after pregnancy.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because diet and exercise are the initial management for gestational diabetes. Choice A is incorrect (oral agents lack sufficient safety data). Choice C is wrong (insulin isn’t first-line). Choice D is inaccurate (reassurance alone doesn’t address current needs).

Patient education for the elderly should include:

  • A. Explanation of drug purpose
  • B. Instructions for safe administration
  • C. Potential side effects
  • D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is correct because explaining purpose (improves adherence), safe administration (prevents errors), and side effects (enhances safety) are all key for elderly education, per geriatric care. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one aspect. Choice B is wrong by itself because administration is just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since side effects are only one element.

A client has a new prescription for verapamil. Which of the following beverages should the client avoid while taking this medication?

  • A. Orange juice
  • B. Coffee
  • C. Milk
  • D. Grapefruit juice
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Grapefruit juice should be avoided while taking verapamil as it can increase drug levels and the risk of side effects. The interaction between grapefruit juice and verapamil can lead to higher concentrations of the medication in the bloodstream, potentially causing adverse effects. Orange juice, coffee, and milk do not have significant interactions with verapamil. Therefore, it is crucial for the client to avoid grapefruit juice to ensure the safe and effective use of verapamil.

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