Nokea
Men may require higher doses of which drug class due to differences in body composition?
- A. Lipid-soluble drugs
- B. Water-soluble drugs
- C. Drugs that are highly protein bound
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because men's greater lean mass dilutes water-soluble drugs, often requiring higher doses for efficacy, unlike others. Choice A is incorrect as lipid-soluble drugs align with fat, lower in men. Choice C is wrong because protein binding isn't sex-specific here. Choice D is incorrect since only water-soluble drugs apply.
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The NP chooses to give cephalexin every 8 hours based on knowledge of the drug's:
- A. Propensity to go to the target receptor
- B. Biological half-life
- C. Pharmacodynamics
- D. Safety and side effects
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because dosing cephalexin every 8 hours aligns with its biological half-life, the time it takes for half the drug to be eliminated, ensuring steady therapeutic levels. Choice A is incorrect as ‘propensity to target receptor' isn't a standard pharmacokinetic term for dosing decisions. Choice C is wrong because pharmacodynamics (drug effects) informs efficacy, not timing. Choice D is incorrect since safety and side effects influence drug choice, not specifically the 8-hour interval.
A client is admitted with coronary artery disease (CAD) and reports dyspnea at rest. What is the nurse's priority intervention?
- A. Elevate the head of the bed.
- B. Administer oxygen.
- C. Perform continuous ECG monitoring.
- D. Apply a nasal cannula.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse's priority intervention for a client with coronary artery disease (CAD) experiencing dyspnea at rest is to elevate the head of the bed. Elevating the head of the bed helps improve lung expansion and reduces the workload on the heart, aiding in respiratory effort and cardiac function. This intervention is crucial in enhancing oxygenation and optimizing cardiac output in individuals with CAD presenting with dyspnea. Administering oxygen (Choice B) is important but elevating the head of the bed takes precedence as it directly addresses the client's respiratory distress. Continuous ECG monitoring (Choice C) and applying a nasal cannula (Choice D) are relevant interventions but not the priority when a client with CAD reports dyspnea at rest.
Drugs that should be avoided in the elderly include:
- A. Acetaminophen
- B. Amitriptyline
- C. Amoxicillin
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, is avoided in the elderly (per Beers Criteria) due to anticholinergic effects causing confusion, constipation, and falls. Choice A is incorrect as acetaminophen is safe. Choice C is wrong because amoxicillin is appropriate with dose adjustment. Choice D is incorrect since only amitriptyline fits.
An adolescent girl has decided to become a vegetarian. The primary care NP should counsel her about iron intake and considering a vitamin containing:
- A. zinc.
- B. vitamin A.
- C. vitamin C.
- D. potassium.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because vegetarians often lack zinc, critical alongside iron. Choice B is incorrect (vitamin A not primary). Choice C is wrong (vitamin C aids iron, not primary). Choice D is inaccurate (potassium unrelated).
A client is diagnosed with thrombophlebitis. The nurse should tell the client that which prescription is indicated?
- A. Bed rest, with bathroom privileges only
- B. Bed rest, keeping the affected extremity flat
- C. Bed rest, with elevation of the affected extremity
- D. Bed rest, with the affected extremity in a dependent position
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bed rest, with elevation of the affected extremity. Elevating the affected extremity is crucial in managing thrombophlebitis as it helps reduce swelling and promotes venous return. By elevating the affected extremity, the gravitational force assists in venous blood flow back to the heart, thereby reducing the risk of complications associated with thrombophlebitis. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not address the need for elevation, which is specifically beneficial in the management of thrombophlebitis.