Nokea
A client is admitted with symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis. Which finding is associated with Clostridium difficile?
- A. Diarrhea containing blood and mucus
- B. Cough, fever, and shortness of breath
- C. Anorexia, weight loss, and fever
- D. Development of ulcers on the lower extremities
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clostridium difficile causes pseudomembranous colitis, characterized by diarrhea with blood and mucus due to toxin-mediated inflammation of the colon.
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Which of the following physician's orders would the nurse question on a client with chronic arterial insufficiency?
- A. Neurovascular checks every 2 hours
- B. Elevate legs on pillows
- C. Arteriogram in the morning
- D. No smoking
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Neurovascular checks are a routine part of assessment with clients having this diagnosis. Elevation of the legs is contraindicated because it reduces blood flow to areas already compromised. Arteriogram is a routine diagnostic order. Smoking is highly correlated with this disorder.
The nurse is performing discharge teaching to the parents of a seven-year-old who has been diagnosed with asthma. Which sports activity would be most appropriate for this client?
- A. Baseball
- B. Swimming
- C. Football
- D. Track
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Swimming is ideal for asthma patients, as the warm, humid air reduces bronchospasm risk. Baseball (A), football (C), and track (D) involve outdoor or high-exertion activities that may trigger asthma.
When assessing a client, the nurse notes the typical skin rash seen with systemic lupus erythematosus. Which of the following descriptions correctly describes this rash?
- A. Small round or oval reddish brown macules scattered over the entire body
- B. Scattered clusters of macules, papules, and vesicles over the body
- C. Bright red appearance of the palmar surface of the hands
- D. Reddened butterfly shaped rash over the cheeks and nose
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The appearance of small, round or oval reddish brown macules scattered over the entire body is characteristic of rubeola. The appearance of scattered clusters of macules, papules, and vesicles throughout the body is characteristic of chickenpox. Palmar redness is seen in clients with cirrhosis of the liver. The characteristic butterfly rash over the cheek and nose and into the scalp is seen with systemic lupus erythematosus.
The client is prescribed levothyroxine (Synthroid) for hypothyroidism. Which instruction should the nurse include?
- A. Take the medication at bedtime.'
- B. Report palpitations or chest pain.'
- C. Increase dietary fiber to prevent constipation.'
- D. Take the medication with meals.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Levothyroxine can cause cardiac side effects like palpitations or chest pain, which should be reported. It is taken in the morning, fiber is not directly related, and food reduces absorption.
A client with a diagnosis of HPV is at increased risk for which of the following?
- A. Hodgkin's lymphoma
- B. Cervical cancer
- C. Multiple myeloma
- D. Ovarian cancer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major risk factor for cervical cancer particularly high-risk strains like HPV-16 and HPV-18. It is not strongly associated with Hodgkin’s lymphoma multiple myeloma or ovarian cancer.