ATI the Immune System Test Quizlet

ATI the Immune System Test Quizlet Related

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A client is being administered the first dose of belimumab for a systemic lupus erythematosus flare. What actions by the nurse are most appropriate? (Select one that does not apply.)

  • A. Observe the client for at least 2 hours afterward.
  • B. Instruct the client about the monthly infusion schedule.
  • C. Inform the client not to drive or sign legal papers for 24 hours.
  • D. Ensure emergency equipment is working and nearby.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Inform the client not to drive or sign legal papers for 24 hours. This is because belimumab can cause dizziness and fatigue as side effects, which may impair the client's ability to drive or make important decisions. It is crucial for the nurse to ensure the safety of the client and others by advising against these activities for 24 hours post-administration.

Choice A: Observing the client for at least 2 hours is important for monitoring immediate adverse reactions, but it is not the most appropriate action in this scenario.

Choice B: Instructing the client about the monthly infusion schedule is important for treatment adherence, but it is not the most immediate concern after the first dose administration.

Choice D: Ensuring emergency equipment is working and nearby is important for safety precautions, but advising the client not to drive or sign legal papers is more directly related to the potential side effects of belimumab.

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What distinguishes Type V hypersensitivity from Type II?

  • A. It is mediated by T cells
  • B. Antibodies stimulate receptors instead of destroying them
  • C. It involves immune complex formation
  • D. It does not involve the immune system
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because Type V hypersensitivity involves antibodies stimulating receptors instead of destroying them. In Type II hypersensitivity, antibodies target antigens on cell surfaces, leading to cell destruction. In Type V, antibodies bind to cell receptors, causing abnormal receptor activation. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because Type V hypersensitivity is not mediated by T cells (A), does not involve immune complex formation (C), and does involve the immune system (D). Therefore, the unique characteristic of Type V hypersensitivity is the stimulation of receptors by antibodies, making choice B the correct answer.

Which opportunistic disease associated with AIDS is characterized by hyperpigmented lesions of skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

  • A. Kaposi sarcoma
  • B. Candida albicans
  • C. Herpes simplex type 1 infection
  • D. Varicella-zoster virus infection
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Kaposi sarcoma is a tumor associated with AIDS and manifests as hyperpigmented lesions on the skin, lungs, and GI tract.

The industrial nurse examines an employee who complains of right shoulder pain on abduction. He points with one finger to the exact location of the pain and mentions that he won a racquetball tournament yesterday. The nurse suspects the employee is suffering from which problem?

  • A. Rotator cuff tear
  • B. Bursitis
  • C. Dislocation
  • D. Subluxation
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bursitis. The employee's complaint of shoulder pain on abduction, localized pain with a specific trigger (racquetball tournament), and no mention of trauma or instability suggest an inflammatory condition like bursitis. The other choices are incorrect because a rotator cuff tear typically presents with weakness, dislocation with a history of trauma and visible deformity, and subluxation with recurrent episodes of partial dislocation.

A patient with diarrhea has been diagnosed with Clostridium difficile. Along with standard precautions, which kind of transmission-based precautions will be used when the nurse is caring for this patient?

  • A. Droplet precautions
  • B. Contact precautions
  • C. Isolation precautions
  • D. Airborne precautions
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Clostridium difficile spreads through direct contact with contaminated surfaces or hands. Therefore, contact precautions are necessary to prevent its transmission.

Tay-Sachs disease is an autosomal recessive disease. Both parents have been identified as heterozygous. There is a _____% chance that their offspring will be affected.

  • A. 40%
  • B. 50%
  • C. 20%
  • D. 25%
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: For an autosomal recessive disorder where both parents are carriers (heterozygous), there is a 25% chance that their offspring will inherit the condition because each child has a 1-in-4 chance of receiving two copies of the mutated gene.

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