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A client is being assessed for dehydration. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Elevated blood pressure
- B. Increased skin turgor
- C. Dark-colored urine
- D. Bradypnea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
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A healthcare professional is preparing to administer medications to a client who has an NG tube for continuous feedings. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional take?
- A. Add crushed medications to the enteral feeding.
- B. Infuse each medication by gravity.
- C. Administer the medications through a syringe.
- D. Flush the NG tube with 5 mL of sterile water.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Administering medications through a syringe is the correct action to take when a client has an NG tube for continuous feedings to ensure that each medication is delivered correctly and is not mixed with the enteral feeding. This method helps prevent drug interactions and ensures proper administration of each medication.
Which of the following therapies is based on 'learning theory'?
- A. Behaviour therapy
- B. Psychoanalytic
- C. Milieu Therapy
- D. Cognitive therapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Learning theory underpins therapies that modify behavior through principles like conditioning. Behaviour therapy (choice A) directly applies learning theory, using techniques such as operant conditioning (rewards/punishments) and classical conditioning (stimulus-response pairing) to address maladaptive behaviors, like phobias or addiction. Psychoanalytic therapy (choice B) focuses on unconscious conflicts and past experiences, rooted in Freudian theory, not learning principles. Milieu therapy (choice C) emphasizes a therapeutic environment to foster social learning, but it's not strictly based on learning theory's conditioning mechanisms. Cognitive therapy (choice D) targets thought patterns to change behavior, incorporating some learning elements but primarily stemming from cognitive psychology. Choice A is correct because behaviour therapy explicitly relies on learning theory's framework, systematically altering behaviors through reinforcement or desensitization. Nurses use this in practice, such as in managing anxiety disorders with exposure techniques, highlighting its relevance in clinical settings where observable behavior change is the goal.
What type of relaxation technique does Lyza uses if a machine is showing her pulse rate, temperature and muscle tension which she can visualize and assess?
- A. Biofeedback
- B. Massage
- C. Autogenic training
- D. Visualization and Imagery
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Biofeedback (A) uses machines to display pulse, temperature, and muscle tension, allowing Lyza to visualize and control them. Massage (B) is physical, not machine-based. Autogenic training (C) involves self-suggestion, not devices. Visualization (D) is mental imagery, not monitored. Biofeedback trains self-regulation via real-time data, per psychology, matching the description and making A correct.
A theory is a set of concepts, definitions, relationships and assumptions that:
- A. Explain a phenomenon
- B. Formulate legislation
- C. Measure nursing functions
- D. Reflect the domain of nursing practice
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A theory in nursing, like Orem's Self-Care Deficit, comprises concepts (e.g., self-care), definitions (clarifying terms), relationships (how concepts interact), and assumptions (underlying beliefs), all to explain phenomena patterns or events like patient recovery. This explanatory role guides practice by providing a lens to understand health-related behaviors or outcomes. Formulating legislation is unrelated; theories inform policy indirectly but aren't legal tools. Measuring nursing functions might be a research outcome, not a theory's purpose, which is broader and conceptual. Reflecting the domain of nursing practice describes what theories encompass but not their active function explanation drives their utility. By explaining phenomena, theories offer nurses frameworks to predict, interpret, and address patient needs, making this the most accurate description of a theory's role in nursing science.
Which of the following statement is NOT true about ethical decision-making?
- A. Uses a framework
- B. Considers patient values
- C. Always quick and easy
- D. Involves reasoning
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.