Nokea
A client is brought to the emergency department with hallucinations, acne, and blackened teeth. During the nursing assessment, a generalized seizure begins. The nurse interprets this as possible toxicity by which substance?
- A. Crack
- B. Cocaine
- C. Opiate
- D. Methamphetamine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Methamphetamine users may develop acne, 'meth mouth,' tactile hallucinations, and can develop convulsions, respiratory, and cardiac arrest. Cocaine and opiate dependence do not result in the inclusion of the symptoms presented, but the nurse should understand that poly drug use disorder is common.
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Which of the following refers to the reduction in a drug's effect that follows persistent use?
- A. Addiction
- B. Tolerance
- C. Withdrawal
- D. Dependence
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tolerance refers to the reduction in a drug's effect that follows persistent use. Addiction is drug-seeking behaviors that interfere with work, relationships, and normal activities. Withdrawal refers to the physical symptoms and craving for a drug that occur when a person abruptly stops using an abused substance. Dependence means that a person must take a drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms.
Disulfiram is prescribed for a client recovering from alcohol dependency. What is the primary reason for prescribing this drug?
- A. Protects the liver from damage
- B. Prevents client from becoming intoxicated
- C. Makes consuming any type of alcohol unpleasant
- D. Prevents the client from drinking alcohol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The ingestion of alcohol while taking disulfiram will result in uncomfortable symptoms. Disulfiram does not protect the liver. Disulfiram deters drinking but does not prevent the ingestion of alcohol.
A client states, 'My father was an alcoholic so I am destined to be one too.' Which is the best response by the nurse?
- A. Children of alcoholics are more likely to become alcoholic.
- B. There is treatment available to prevent the trait of alcoholism.
- C. This is just a theory and has no basis of proof.
- D. Let's talk about how you can take control of your destiny.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Even with a possible genetic link to alcoholism, the individual remains in control of taking the first drink that triggers the metabolism of alcohol to THIQ. Every person is responsible for his or her own destiny and should receive encouragement to exercise that control. Children of alcoholics (COA) do have a greater likelihood of developing alcohol dependency. The only prevention of the trait of alcoholism is abstinence.
Which assessment finding is most important in determining nursing care of a client withdrawing from cocaine?
- A. Suicide precautions
- B. Nutritional support
- C. Facial burns
- D. Perforated septum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Depression and dysphoria are of concern during recovery from cocaine addiction. Monitoring the client for suicidal ideation and administering medications that provide support during withdrawal are essential nursing interventions. Weight loss and nutritional deficits are common among cocaine addiction but not the primary concern. Facial burns (fire, debasing) and perforated septum (from snorting) are common problems associated with cocaine addiction.
Which of the following is a true statement regarding alcohol use in the older adult population?
- A. Older adults who drink exhibit less impairment.
- B. Older adults have a higher metabolism which leads to alcohol toxicity.
- C. Alcoholism may be difficult to identify in older adults.
- D. Dementia may be associated with high ingestion of alcohol for 10 or more years.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alcoholism may be difficult to identify in older adults because symptoms such as tremors, unsteady gait, or memory loss mimic changes associated with aging. Older adults who drink exhibit more impairment. Older adults have a slower metabolism. Dementia may be associated with heavy ingestion of alcohol for 10 or more years, or with ingestion of other toxic substances, including heavy metals.