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The client, who has recently stopped smoking, is irritable and complaining of a feeling hungry. The nurse would interpret this as which of the following?
- A. Addiction
- B. Withdrawal
- C. Dependency
- D. Tolerance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Irritability and increased appetite are physical symptoms that occur when a person abruptly stops using an abused substance, such as tobacco. Addiction and dependency are terms that refer to drug-seeking behaviors that interfere with work, relationships, and normal activities. Tolerance refers to the reduction in a drug's effect that follows persistent use.
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Which assessment finding is most important in determining nursing care of a client withdrawing from cocaine?
- A. Suicide precautions
- B. Nutritional support
- C. Facial burns
- D. Perforated septum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Depression and dysphoria are of concern during recovery from cocaine addiction. Monitoring the client for suicidal ideation and administering medications that provide support during withdrawal are essential nursing interventions. Weight loss and nutritional deficits are common among cocaine addiction but not the primary concern. Facial burns (fire, debasing) and perforated septum (from snorting) are common problems associated with cocaine addiction.
Clinical manifestations of methamphetamine use include which of the following?
- A. Weight gain
- B. Moist mucous membranes
- C. Acne
- D. Vasodilation of blood vessels
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Methamphetamine users may develop acne and be covered with multiple scratched areas because they believe that insects are crawling under their skin. The client will have dry mucous membranes, weight loss, and vasoconstriction of blood vessels.
Which blood alcohol level (BAL) is associated with coma?
- A. 200 mg/dL
- B. 300 mg/dL
- C. 400 mg/dL
- D. 500 mg/dL
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A BAL of 400 mg/dL is associated with coma. A BAL of 200 mg/dL is associated with staggering and poor control of emotions. A BAL of 300 mg/dL is associated with mental confusion and stupor. A BAL of 500 mg/dL is associated with respiratory depression and death.
A client has a blood alcohol level that is double the legal limit for driving yet does not exhibit behaviors of intoxication. The nurse knows that this is due to which effect?
- A. Tolerance
- B. Addiction
- C. Alcoholism
- D. Relapse
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tolerance occurs when the body develops mechanisms to reduce the effects of a drug through persistent use. This results in the need to increase the amount of a substance to obtain the desired effect. Addiction is a term that refers to drug-seeking behavior that interferes with work, relationships, and normal activities. Alcoholism is a chronic, progressive disease characterized by an inability to control the consumption of alcohol in which tolerance develops. Relapse is a term referring to the return to drug or alcohol use after a period of abstinence.
A client states, 'My father was an alcoholic so I am destined to be one too.' Which is the best response by the nurse?
- A. Children of alcoholics are more likely to become alcoholic.
- B. There is treatment available to prevent the trait of alcoholism.
- C. This is just a theory and has no basis of proof.
- D. Let's talk about how you can take control of your destiny.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Even with a possible genetic link to alcoholism, the individual remains in control of taking the first drink that triggers the metabolism of alcohol to THIQ. Every person is responsible for his or her own destiny and should receive encouragement to exercise that control. Children of alcoholics (COA) do have a greater likelihood of developing alcohol dependency. The only prevention of the trait of alcoholism is abstinence.