Nokea
A client is concerned that her breasts are engorged and uncomfortable. What is the nurse's explanation for this physiologic change?
- A. Overproduction of colostrum
- B. Accumulation of milk in the lactiferous ducts and glands
- C. Hyperplasia of mammary tissue
- D. Congestion of veins and lymphatic vessels
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Breast engorgement is caused by the temporary congestion of veins and lymphatic vessels.
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Which statement is true regarding the shortage of nurses in the United States?
- A. There are a larger proportion of younger nurses in the workforce as compared with older nurses.
- B. As a result of decreased RN-to-patient ratios, there is a decrease in patient mortality in the clinical setting.
- C. Nursing programs are turning away qualified applicants.
- D. There are adequate classroom and clinical facilities for training RNs.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The statement that nursing programs are turning away qualified applicants is true regarding the shortage of nurses in the United States. Despite the growing demand for healthcare services and the critical need for more nurses, nursing schools across the country face challenges in accepting all qualified applicants due to a shortage of nursing faculty, limited clinical space, and budget constraints. This bottleneck in nursing education and training contributes to the shortage of nurses in the workforce. As a result, many potential nursing students who are qualified and interested in pursuing a career in nursing are being turned away from programs, exacerbating the shortage.
A client at 24 weeks of gestation says she has a glass of wine with dinner every evening. Why should the nurse counsel her to eliminate all alcohol intake?
- A. Daily consumption of alcohol indicates a risk for alcoholism.
- B. She is at risk for abusing other substances as well.
- C. Alcohol places the fetus at risk for altered brain growth.
- D. Alcohol places the fetus at risk for multiple organ anomalies.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is associated with fetal mental retardation, learning disabilities, and other developmental issues.
The nurse is interviewing a patient who is 6-weeks pregnant. The patient asks the nurse, “Why is elective abortion considered such an ethical issue?” Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? N R I G B.C M
- A. Abortion requires third-parUty cSonseNnt. T O
- B. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that life begins at conception.
- C. Abortion law is unclear about a woman’s constitutional rights.
- D. There is a conflict between the rights of the woman and the rights of the fetus.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most appropriate response by the nurse is that there is a conflict between the rights of the woman and the rights of the fetus when discussing elective abortion as an ethical issue. This response highlights the ethical dilemma involved in abortion, where one must consider the rights and autonomy of the pregnant woman as well as the potential rights of the fetus. Ethical debates often revolve around balancing these conflicting rights and interests, making elective abortion a complex and sensitive issue. It acknowledges the ethical implications of abortion without making definitive statements or legal references like the other options.
The nurse is providing care to the 35-year-old female patient at the family practice clinic who is in the office for her annual physical examination. Which tests should the nurse recommend are the most appropriate for this patient? Select all that apply.
- A. Papanicolaou test every 5 years
- B. Mammogram every 2 years
- C. DEXA screen every 2 years
- D. HPV every 5 years
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. Papanicolaou test (Pap smear) every 5 years - This test is recommended for cervical cancer screening in women aged 30-65 years old. It helps in early detection and prevention of cervical cancer.
What information is important for the nurse to include in planning for the care of a woman who has had a vaginal hysterectomy?
- A. Expect to be fully recovered in 4 to 6 weeks.
- B. Expect no changes in her hormone levels.
- C. Expect surgical menopause.
- D. Take tub baths to aid in healing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Unless the ovaries were also removed, hormonal levels should not change. The woman should expect vaginal discharge for 4 to 6 weeks. Full recovery varies from woman to woman, depending on risk factors and individual healing.