NCLEX RN Pediatric Questions

NCLEX RN Pediatric Questions Related

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A client is diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). The nurse informs the client that the physician will prescribe diuretic therapy and restrict fluid and sodium intake to treat the disorder. If the client does not comply with the recommended treatment, which complication may arise?

  • A. Cerebral edema
  • B. Severe hyperkalemia
  • C. Hypovolemic shock
  • D. Tetany
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is characterized by excessive release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. If a client with SIADH does not comply with the recommended treatment of diuretic therapy and fluid/sodium restriction, there will be continued water retention, resulting in further dilution of sodium levels in the blood (hyponatremia). Severe hyponatremia can lead to cerebral edema, which is a life-threatening complication associated with neurological symptoms such as headache, confusion, seizures, and potentially coma. Therefore, it is important for the client to follow the prescribed treatment to prevent the development of cerebral edema and other serious complications.

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A child is playing in the playroom. The nurse needs to obtain a child's blood pressure. Which is the appropriate procedure for obtaining the blood pressure?

  • A. Take the blood pressure in the playroom.
  • B. Ask the child to come to the exam room to obtain the blood pressure.
  • C. Ask the child to return to his or her room for the blood pressure, then escort the child back to the playroom.
  • D. Document that the blood pressure was not obtained because the child was in the playroom.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The appropriate procedure for obtaining a child's blood pressure is to ask the child to come to the exam room to obtain the blood pressure. This is important because the exam room provides a quiet and controlled environment, which is conducive to accurately measuring blood pressure. Taking the blood pressure in the playroom may lead to inaccurate readings due to distractions and noise. Similarly, asking the child to return to his or her room for the blood pressure and then escorting the child back to the playroom is not necessary and may disrupt the child's play. Documenting that the blood pressure was not obtained because the child was in the playroom is not a valid or appropriate action as it is important to ensure the child's health and monitor their blood pressure in a suitable environment. Therefore, the best course of action is to ask the child to come to the exam room to obtain the blood pressure.

Although children with Wilms tumor have a favorable prognosis, there are some adverse prognostic factors in children with Wilms tumor EXCEPT

  • A. large tumors
  • B. anaplastic histology
  • C. loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 1p and 16q
  • D. young age at diagnosis
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Young age at diagnosis is generally associated with a favorable prognosis.

The pediatric nurse cares for a patient who has undergone a hydrocele repair. While assessing the patient, the nurse notices that the scrotum is swollen and discolored. These findings are:

  • A. abnormal, and indicate the need for a cool compress.
  • B. abnormal, and indicate the presence of hemorrhaging.
  • C. normal, and indicate no need for intervention.
  • D. normal, and indicate the need for a position change.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Swelling and discoloration after hydrocele repair are typically normal postoperative findings and do not require immediate intervention unless excessive or worsening.

The first permanent tooth to erupt is

  • A. central incisor at 6 years
  • B. molar at 6 years
  • C. premolar lower canine at 6-7 years
  • D. upper canine at 6-7 years
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The first molar typically erupts at 6 years.

Nurse Dorothy is caring for a child with Cushing's syndrome; which of the following should she include in the plan of care?

  • A. Increase fluids to prevent dehydration
  • B. Encourage a diet high in carbohydrates
  • C. Monitor weight each day and report for weight loss
  • D. Encourage a diet high in potassium
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When caring for a child with Cushing's syndrome, it is important to monitor weight each day and report any weight loss. Cushing's syndrome is characterized by a metabolic disorder that can lead to weight gain, particularly in the abdominal area. However, sudden weight loss in a child with Cushing's syndrome can be a sign of worsening condition or inadequate treatment. Therefore, monitoring weight regularly is crucial in managing the child's condition and adjusting the treatment plan accordingly.

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