NCLEX RN Pediatric Questions

NCLEX RN Pediatric Questions Related

Review NCLEX RN Pediatric Questions related questions and content

A client seeks medical evaluation for fatigue, night sweats, and a 20-lb weight loss in 6 weeks. To confirm that the client has been infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the nurse expects the physician to order:

  • A. E-rosette immunofluorescence
  • B. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
  • C. Quantification of T-lymphocytes (ELISA)
  • D. Western blot test with ELISA
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The confirmatory test for HIV infection is a Western blot test. However, before a Western blot test is conducted, an initial screening test with high sensitivity, such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), is typically performed. ELISA is used to detect the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood. If the ELISA test is positive, a Western blot test is then performed to confirm the presence of specific HIV antibodies. The Western blot test is a more specific test for HIV antibodies and is used to confirm the diagnosis. Therefore, in this case, the physician would most likely order a Western blot test following a positive ELISA test to confirm the client's HIV infection.

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for a child with meningitis, to monitor him for hydrocephalus you should

  • A. measure head circumference.
  • B. monitor convulsions.
  • C. assess pupil size.
  • D. watch for vomiting.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Monitoring head circumference is essential in children with meningitis to assess for possible development of hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus is a potentially serious complication that can occur following meningitis. An increase in head circumference can indicate the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain due to hydrocephalus. Regularly measuring the head circumference allows healthcare providers to detect any early signs of hydrocephalus and take appropriate actions such as further imaging or intervention. Monitoring for convulsions, assessing pupil size, and watching for vomiting are important aspects of care for a child with meningitis but are not specific to monitoring for hydrocephalus.

In neuroblastoma, metastatic spread can occur via local invasion or distant hematogenous/lymphatic routes. The LEAST common site of metastases in neuroblastoma is

  • A. long bone
  • B. bone marrow
  • C. lung
  • D. skin
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Skin metastases are rare in neuroblastoma compared to bone, bone marrow, and lung involvement.

understands that it is important that which of the following diagnostic tests is obtained to help prevent cardiac complications?

  • A. Chest x-ray examination c.White blood cell count
  • B. Throat culture
  • C. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is an important diagnostic test that can help identify inflammation in the body, including inflammation in the heart. Elevated ESR levels may indicate the presence of an underlying condition that could potentially lead to cardiac complications if left untreated. Regular monitoring of ESR levels can help in the early detection and prevention of cardiac issues. The other options (A. Chest x-ray examination, B. Throat culture, and D. White blood cell count) are not specific diagnostic tests for assessing cardiac complications.

Which are clinical manifestations of the postterm newborn? (Select all that apply.)

  • A. Excessive lanugo
  • B. Increased subcutaneous fat
  • C. Absence of scalp hair
  • D. Parchment-like skin
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Postterm newborns are infants born after 42 weeks of gestation. Some common clinical manifestations of postterm newborns include parchment-like, wrinkled skin due to prolonged exposure to amniotic fluid, and long fingernails as a result of intrauterine growth beyond the expected term. Excessive lanugo and absence of scalp hair are not typically seen in postterm newborns. Increased subcutaneous fat may be more common in infants born at term or post-term, but it is not a specific clinical manifestation of postterm newborns. Minimal vernix caseosa is also usually present in postterm newborns.

In the operating room, personnel should be responsible for ensuring cleanliness, proper temperature, humidity, and lighting. Who carries those responsibilities?

  • A. circulating nurse
  • B. scrub nurse
  • C. surgeon
  • D. anesthesiologist
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The circulating nurse is responsible for ensuring the cleanliness, proper temperature, humidity, and lighting in the operating room. The circulating nurse plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall environment and ensuring that it meets the necessary standards for the safety and well-being of the patient and the surgical team. They are in charge of coordinating and overseeing all aspects of the operating room environment, including maintaining a sterile field, assisting with instrument setup, and ensuring that all equipment is functioning properly. Additionally, the circulating nurse manages communication within the operating room and ensures that all necessary supplies are available during the surgical procedure. It is within the circulating nurse's scope of practice to take charge of these responsibilities to create an optimal operating room environment.

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