Nokea
All the following are recognizable teratogens EXCEPT
- A. ethanol
- B. antiepileptic medications
- C. toxoplasmosis
- D. hypothermia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypothermia is not typically considered a teratogen.
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You are discussing with medical students the role of chemotherapy in malignant germ cell tumors (GCTs); you state that GCTs are sensitive to some types of chemotherapy. Of the following, the MOST effective chemotherapeutic agent in GCTs is
- A. vincristine
- B. cyclophosphamide
- C. cisplatin
- D. methotrexate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cisplatin is a cornerstone in the treatment of germ cell tumors.
The following are warning signs of cancer. Which one is not?
- A. Change In bladder and bowel habits
- B. Weight gain
- C. Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing
- D. Nagging cough or hoarseness
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Weight gain is not typically considered a warning sign of cancer. In fact, unexplained weight loss is more commonly associated with certain types of cancer. The other options all relate to symptoms that could potentially be warning signs of cancer and are worth discussing with a healthcare professional for further evaluation.
Which is the most commonly used method in completed suicides?
- A. Firearms
- B. Drug overdose
- C. Self-inflected laceration
- D. Carbon monoxide poisoning
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Firearms are the most commonly used method in completed suicides, accounting for nearly 50% of all suicide deaths in the United States. Firearms are particularly lethal and result in a higher success rate compared to other methods. The quick and irreversible nature of firearm suicides contributes to their high prevalence. Additionally, the easy access to firearms in many households increases the likelihood of their use in suicide attempts.
A patient has chronic respiratory acidosis related to long-standing lung disease. Which of the following problems is the cause?
- A. Hyperventilation
- B. Loss of acid by kidneys
- C. Hypoventilation
- D. Loss of base by kidneys CARING FOR CLIENTS REQUIRING INTRAVENOUS THERAPY
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic respiratory acidosis is a condition where there is an excess of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood due to inadequate exhalation of CO2. This typically occurs as a result of hypoventilation, which is characterized by breathing at an abnormally slow rate or shallow depth. In patients with long-standing lung disease, the ability to effectively exchange gases in the lungs is compromised, leading to a buildup of CO2 in the bloodstream and subsequent respiratory acidosis. Hyperventilation, on the other hand, would result in a decrease in CO2 levels in the blood, while the loss of acid or base by the kidneys is related to metabolic acidosis or alkalosis, not respiratory acidosis. Therefore, in this case, the primary problem causing chronic respiratory acidosis is hypoventilation.
understands that it is important that which of the following diagnostic tests is obtained to help prevent cardiac complications?
- A. Chest x-ray examination c.White blood cell count
- B. Throat culture
- C. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is an important diagnostic test that can help identify inflammation in the body, including inflammation in the heart. Elevated ESR levels may indicate the presence of an underlying condition that could potentially lead to cardiac complications if left untreated. Regular monitoring of ESR levels can help in the early detection and prevention of cardiac issues. The other options (A. Chest x-ray examination, B. Throat culture, and D. White blood cell count) are not specific diagnostic tests for assessing cardiac complications.