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A client is having difficulty breathing while receiving supplemental oxygen via a nasal cannula in a supine position. Which of the following interventions should the nurse take first?
- A. Suction the client's airway.
- B. Instruct the client to perform incentive spirometry every hour.
- C. Assist the client to an upright position.
- D. Humidify the client's supplemental oxygen.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Assist the client to an upright position. This is the priority intervention because placing the client in an upright position helps improve lung expansion and oxygenation by optimizing ventilation-perfusion matching. This position also reduces the risk of aspiration and improves overall respiratory function.
Choice A (Suction the client's airway) is not the first intervention because difficulty breathing in this scenario is more likely due to positioning rather than airway obstruction.
Choice B (Instruct the client to perform incentive spirometry every hour) is not the first intervention as it may not address the immediate issue of breathing difficulty related to supine positioning.
Choice D (Humidify the client's supplemental oxygen) is not the first intervention as lack of humidification is not likely the cause of the client's difficulty breathing in this situation.
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A nurse manager asks the staff to submit written suggestions for a change in policy. The group would then vote on the different suggestions. What type of decision-making technique did the nurse manager use?
- A. Statistical aggregation
- B. Nominal group technique
- C. Brainstorming
- D. Delphi
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nominal group technique. The nurse manager used this technique by asking staff to submit written suggestions, which are then voted on collectively. In nominal group technique, group members generate ideas individually, then share and discuss them as a group to reach a decision. This technique encourages equal participation, prevents domination by vocal members, and ensures all ideas are considered fairly.
A: Statistical aggregation involves combining data or opinions to reach a numerical result, not individual suggestions.
C: Brainstorming is a technique where a group generates ideas freely without immediate evaluation or criticism.
D: Delphi method involves gathering input from experts anonymously to reach a consensus, which is different from voting on written suggestions.
Which of the following is a common characteristic of a high-performing healthcare team?
- A. Effective communication
- B. Shared leadership
- C. Collaborative decision making
- D. Hierarchical structure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Collaborative decision making. This is a common characteristic of a high-performing healthcare team because it promotes teamwork, respect for diverse perspectives, and ensures that decisions are made collectively with input from all team members. Collaborative decision making allows for better problem-solving, increases team morale, and fosters a sense of ownership and accountability among team members.
A: Effective communication is important in a healthcare team, but it alone does not guarantee high performance.
B: Shared leadership is valuable, but it is not as essential as collaborative decision making in ensuring team success.
D: Hierarchical structure can hinder collaboration and innovation within a team, making it less likely to be high-performing.
In summary, collaborative decision making is the best choice as it promotes teamwork, inclusivity, and better decision outcomes within a healthcare team.
Which of the following describes the concept of ratification?
- A. Contract administration
- B. Contract passage
- C. Contract denial
- D. Contract reorganization
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ratification is the act of formally approving or confirming a previously unauthorized or informal agreement, making it legally binding. In the context of a contract, ratification occurs after the initial negotiation and agreement have taken place. Choice B, "Contract passage," aligns with this definition as it accurately describes the process of a contract being ratified or officially accepted. Choice A, "Contract administration," refers to the management of a contract after it has been ratified, not the ratification process itself. Choice C, "Contract denial," is incorrect as it opposes the concept of ratification. Choice D, "Contract reorganization," does not relate to the formal approval of a contract, making it an incorrect choice.
Your values do not coincide with your colleagues. When you report for your shift on nights and staff are not responding to patient requests for pain medication, you, as the nurse responsible for collecting data about patient quality of care, should:
- A. Explain to the nurse manager that quality problems are because of staff apathy.
- B. Issue a memo to staff to assess patients and document their response to the pain medication.
- C. Explain to staff that improving quality is one of your annual goals and you expect them to follow through.
- D. Schedule meetings to engage with staff to monitor pain management.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because scheduling meetings to engage with staff to monitor pain management is the most effective approach to address the issue. This option promotes open communication, collaboration, and continuous monitoring to ensure patient needs are met. By engaging with staff, you can identify root causes of the problem, provide education or training if needed, and establish a plan for improvement.
Option A is incorrect as blaming staff apathy without further investigation is not constructive. Option B is also incorrect as issuing a memo may not address the underlying issues causing staff not to respond to patient requests. Option C is not as effective as scheduling meetings because simply expecting staff to follow through without addressing their concerns or providing support may not lead to sustainable improvements.
Which of the following strategies is most effective for improving staff morale?
- A. Increasing workload
- B. Increasing salaries
- C. Providing feedback
- D. Offering incentives
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Providing feedback. Feedback is essential for staff morale as it communicates appreciation, areas for improvement, and fosters a sense of engagement. It allows employees to understand their performance, feel valued, and motivated to improve. Increasing workload (A) can lead to burnout and decreased morale. While increasing salaries (B) can boost morale, it may not address underlying issues. Offering incentives (D) can be effective, but they are short-term solutions and may not address intrinsic motivation or long-term morale. Feedback, on the other hand, provides ongoing support and guidance to employees, making it the most effective strategy for improving staff morale.