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A client is prescribed a bile acid resin and has been taking this therapy long term. The primary health care provider has prescribed vitamins A and D in waterHIV/AIDS water-soluble form. Which nursing diagnosis would be most likely?
- A. Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity
- B. Constipation
- C. Risk for Injury
- D. Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bile acid resins may interfere with the digestion of fats and prevent the absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, and K) and folic acid. Therefore, the nursing diagnosis of Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements would be most appropriate. Adverse reactions associated with nicotinic acid such as flushing would suggest a risk for impaired skin integrity. Constipation would be associated with statin therapy. Risk for injury may be appropriate for clients taking fibrates or statins.
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When reviewing a client's history, the nurse notes that the client uses garlic to promote cardiovascular health. The nurse understands that which of the following is a benefit of its use?
- A. Improved LDL-to-HDL ratio
- B. Lower serum triglyceride levels
- C. Lower blood pressure
- D. Prevention of atherosclerosis
- E. Reduced risk for blood clots
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: The benefits of garlic include lowering serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, improving the ratio of HDL to LDL cholesterol, lowering blood pressure, and helping to prevent the development of atherosclerosis.
The nurse is preparing a client for discharge. The client is prescribed antihyperlipidemic drug therapy. The nurse would include which of the following in the discharge teaching?
- A. Reason for taking the prescribed drug
- B. Drug name
- C. Correct dose
- D. Frequency of administration
- E. Dosage form
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Rationale: The nurse should review the reasons for the drug and prescribed therapy, including drug name, form and method of preparation, correct dose, and frequency of administration, as part of a client's discharge counseling.
A client is starting cholestyramine therapy for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. When teaching the client about possible adverse reactions, which of the following would the nurse include?
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Malabsorption of vitamin K
- C. Aggravation of hemorrhoids
- D. Flatulence
- E. Myopathy
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: Adverse reactions reported with the use of bile acid resins, such as cholestyramine, include constipation (that can become severe), aggravation of hemorrhoids, abdominal cramps, flatulence, nausea, increased bleeding related to vitamin K malabsorption, and vitamin A and D deficiencies.
A nurse is caring for a client receiving gemfibrozil. Which of the following would the nurse include in the teaching plan for this client?
- A. Take the drug along with meals
- B. Observe caution while driving
- C. Take a single dose once daily in the evening
- D. Be alert for mild to severe facial flushing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When preparing a teaching plan for the client receiving the fibric acid derivative gemfibrozil, the nurse should instruct the client to observe caution while driving. Rosuvastatin calcium is taken as a single dose once daily in the evening. The nurse instructs a client prescribed nicotinic acid to take it along with meals; it may also cause mild to severe facial flushing.
The nurse discusses the benefit of adding a statin drug to a client's medication regimen based on the understanding that this group of drugs can reduce the risk of death from which of the following?
- A. Stroke
- B. Transient ischemic attack
- C. Kidney disease
- D. Hepatic disease
- E. Cancer
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: The use of statins in clients with hyperlipidemia with or without clinically evident coronary heart disease can reduce the risk of death from stroke and transient ischemic attacks.