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A client is prescribed donepezil. The nurse would assess the client for which of the following as a possible adverse reaction?
- A. Anorexia
- B. Dizziness
- C. Headache
- D. Constipation
- E. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: The nurse would assess the client for generalized adverse reactions to cholinesterase inhibitors like donepezil, which would include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, and headache.
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After teaching a group of nursing students about confusion and how it differs from dementia, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following about delirium?
- A. The onset occurred suddenly.
- B. Memory is significantly impaired.
- C. Sensory impairment occurs.
- D. Environmental changes are needed for safety.
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: Delirium occurs suddenly, affects the senses, and is reversible when the cause is found. In contrast, dementia occurs slowly, affects memory and judgment, and is not reversible, often requiring a change in the environment to maintain safety.
A client is prescribed memantine for the treatment of dementia of Alzheimer's disease. The nurse should assess the client for which of the following as a possible adverse reaction?
- A. Confusion
- B. Dyspepsia
- C. Muscle cramps
- D. Vomiting
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When administering memantine to a client, a nurse should monitor the client for adverse reactions such as dizziness, headache, or confusion. Dyspepsia is an adverse reaction of rivastigmine; muscle cramps are an adverse reaction of donepezil; vomiting is an adverse reaction of rivastigmine and galantamine.
Which condition would require the nurse to cautiously monitor a client who is receiving donepezil?
- A. Hyperthyroidism
- B. Seizure disorder
- C. Renal disease
- D. Asthma
- E. GI bleeding
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: Cholinesterase inhibitors, like donepezil, are used cautiously in clients with renal or hepatic disease, bladder obstruction, seizure disorder, sick sinus syndrome, GI bleeding, history of ulcer disease, and asthma.
To assess a client's cognitive ability, the nurse uses the Mini-Mental Status Examination. Which areas would the nurse assess?
- A. Reading comprehension
- B. Calculation
- C. Orientation
- D. Recall
- E. Language
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: The Mini-Mental Status Examination assesses a client's abilities on items such as orientation, calculation, recall, and language.
A caregiver of a client diagnosed with AD asks the nurse about the cholinesterase inhibitor galantamine prescribed for the client. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. The drug will help to cure the memory problems the client is experiencing.
- B. Once the symptoms improve, the drug will most likely be stopped.
- C. These drugs help to slow the progression of the disease.
- D. This drug is primarily given to control the delirium the client is experiencing.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The progression of memory loss associated with dementia is treated with cholinesterase inhibitors. These drugs slow progression but do not cure dementia. These drugs are given to clients with mild to moderate dementia, but they do not treat any delirium that the clients may experience. Cholinesterase inhibitors are not frequently used in late-stage AD.