Nokea
A client is scheduled for an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). After the contrast material is injected, which of the following client reactions should be reported immediately?
- A. Feeling warm
- B. Face flushing
- C. Salty taste
- D. Hives
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hives. This is a sign of anaphylaxis and should be reported immediately. The other reactions are considered normal and the client should be informed that they may occur.
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A 48-year-old man is in the emergency room. He has crushing substernal pain and is diaphoretic, apprehensive, and ashen gray in color. The cardiac monitor shows runs of premature ventricular contractions. Which drug is most likely to be given to this client?
- A. Lidocaine
- B. Verapamil
- C. Digitalis
- D. Nitroglycerin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lidocaine is used to treat ventricular arrhythmias, such as premature ventricular contractions, in acute coronary syndrome.
A child and the family about the medication phenytoin (Dilantin) prescribed for seizure control. Which of the following side effects is most likely to occur?
- A. Vertigo
- B. Drowsiness
- C. Gingival hyperplasia
- D. Vomiting
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Swollen and tender gums occur often with use of phenytoin. Good oral hygiene and regular visits to the dentist should be emphasized.
The nurse is instructing a client with moderate persistent asthma on the proper method for using MDIs (multi-dose inhalers). Which medication should be administered first?
- A. Steroid
- B. Anticholinergic
- C. Mast cell stabilizer
- D. Beta agonist
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Beta agonist. The beta-agonist drugs help to relieve bronchospasm by relaxing the smooth muscle of the airway. These drugs should be taken first so that other medications can reach the lungs.
The client with coronary artery disease is prescribed one (1) baby aspirin a day. Which instructions should the nurse provide the client concerning this medication?
- A. Take the medication on an empty stomach.
- B. Do not take Tylenol while taking this drug.
- C. If experiencing joint pain, notify the HCP.
- D. Notify the HCP if stools become dark and tarry.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dark, tarry stools suggest GI bleeding, a serious aspirin side effect, requiring HCP notification. Empty stomach, Tylenol, or joint pain are less critical.
The male client with a chronic urinary tract infection is prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim). Which statement indicates the client needs more teaching?
- A. I will drink six (6) to eight (8) glasses of water a day.
- B. I am going to have to take this medication forever.
- C. I can stop taking this medication if there is no more burning.
- D. I may get diarrhea with this medication, but I can take Imodium.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stopping Bactrim when symptoms resolve risks incomplete treatment and resistance; full course is needed. Hydration, duration, and diarrhea management are correct.