Nokea
A client is taking prednisone to prevent transplant rejection. What instruction by the nurse is most important?
- A. Avoid large crowds and people who are ill.
- B. Client who is reduce client control of acetaminophen.
- C. Take this medicine exactly as is prescribed.
- D. You have a higher risk of developing cancer.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prednisone, like all steroids, decreases immune function. The client should be advised to avoid large crowds and people who are ill to reduce the risk of infection.
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Which are steps in the process of making an antigen-specific antibody?
- A. Antibody-antigen binding
- B. Invasion
- C. Opsonization
- D. Recognition
- E. Sensitization
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: The process of making antigen-specific antibodies includes exposure/invasion, antigen recognition, sensitization, antibody production and release, antigen-antibody binding, antibody binding actions, and sustained immunity. Opsonization is a separate process where antibodies mark antigens for destruction.
A clinic nurse is working with an older client. What assessment is most important for preventing infections in this client?
- A. Assessing vaccination records for booster shot needs
- B. Encouraging the client to eat a nutritious diet
- C. Instructing the client to wash minor wounds carefully
- D. Teaching hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microbes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Older adults may have insufficient antibodies against microbes to which they have been exposed. Assessing vaccination records ensures they receive necessary booster shots to maintain immunity.
A nursing student learning about antibody-mediated immunity learns that the cell with the most direct role in this process begins development in which tissues or organ?
- A. Bone marrow
- B. Spleen
- C. Thymus
- D. Cells
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The B cell, which is the primary cell in antibody-mediated immunity, originates and is released from the bone marrow before traveling to secondary lymphoid tissues.
A nurse is assessing any older client for the presence of infection. The clients temperature is 97.6 F (36.4 C). What response by the nurse is best?
- A. Assess the client for more specific signs
- B. Conclude that an infection is not present
- C. Conclude that an infection is not present.
- D. Request that the provider order blood cultures.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Because older adults have decreased immune function, including reduced neutrophil function, fever may not be present during an episode of infection. The nurse should assess the client for specific signs of infection.
A student nurse is learning about the types of different cells involved in the inflammatory response. Which principles does the student learn?
- A. Basophils are only involved in the general inflammatory process
- B. Basophils are only involved in the general inflammatory process
- C. Macrophages participate in many episodes of phagocytosis
- D. Monocytes turn into macrophages after they enter body tissues
- E. Neutrophils can only take part in one episode of phagocytosis
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: Basophils are involved in both general inflammation and allergic/hypersensitivity responses. Macrophages can perform multiple phagocytosis episodes, monocytes differentiate into macrophages in tissues, and neutrophils are limited to one phagocytosis event.