Medical Surgical Nursing Practice Questions

Medical Surgical Nursing Practice Questions Related

Review Medical Surgical Nursing Practice Questions related questions and content

A client who experienced a femur fracture 8 hr ago now reports sudden onset dyspnea and severe chest pain. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

  • A. Provide high-flow oxygen.
  • B. Check the client for a positive Chvostek's sign.
  • C. Administer an IV vasopressor medication.
  • D. Monitor the client for headache.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Recognize potential complications of femur fracture - fat embolism syndrome (FES) can cause sudden onset dyspnea and chest pain.
Step 2: Provide high-flow oxygen to improve oxygenation and stabilize the client's condition.
Step 3: Oxygen therapy takes priority to address potential respiratory compromise and prevent further deterioration.
Summary:
- Option B (Chvostek's sign) is unrelated to the client's current symptoms.
- Option C (IV vasopressor) is not indicated for FES.
- Option D (monitor for headache) is not a priority when the client is experiencing dyspnea and chest pain.

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Nursing diagnoses mostly differ from medical diagnoses, in that they are

  • A. dependent upon medical diagnoses for the direction of appropriate interventions.
  • B. primarily concerned with caring, while medical diagnoses are primarily concerned with curing.
  • C. primarily concerned with human response, while medical diagnoses are primarily concerned with pathology.
  • D. primarily concerned with psychosocial parameters, while medical diagnoses are primarily concerned with physiologic parameters.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nursing diagnoses focus on the patient's response to health conditions, whereas medical diagnoses focus on the disease itself.

A client is admitted for hemodialysis. Which abnormal lab value would the nurse anticipate not being improved by hemodialysis?

  • A. Low hemoglobin.
  • B. Hypernatremia.
  • C. High serum creatinine.
  • D. Hyperkalemia.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hemodialysis does not directly improve anemia caused by low hemoglobin.

Which task is most appropriate for an LPN/LVN?

  • A. Assess immediate emotional state and physical injuries
  • B. Collect hair samples, saliva swabs, and scrapings beneath fingernails
  • C. Provide emotional support and supportive communication
  • D. Ensure that the 'chain of custody' is maintained
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Providing emotional support is within the scope of an LPN/LVN and does not involve complex legal procedures.

Mary, who is scheduled for a thoracentesis, asks why there is so much fluid in the pleural space. You respond by saying

  • A. Your body is unable to remove fluid, resulting in a buildup of fluid in the pleural space around your lungs.
  • B. An error occurred and you were administered too much IV medication.
  • C. This is the result of oxygen therapy.
  • D. This is a normal side effect of bumetanide, which is medication ordered by your physician.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Fluid accumulation in the pleural space can occur due to various conditions like heart failure or infection.

Donna is a healthy, 38-year-old woman scheduled for elective surgery next week. During the preoperative clearance, the physician, nurse practitioner, or physician assistant would include which of the following in her preoperative preparation?

  • A. Pulmonary function test and chest x-ray.
  • B. Complete blood count, metabolic panel, and pregnancy test.
  • C. Urine culture, thyroid panel, and cortisol level.
  • D. Glucose tolerance test, ankle-brachial index, and electrocardiogram (EKG).
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Elective surgeries typically require basic preoperative tests such as a complete blood count (CBC), metabolic panel, and pregnancy test to ensure the patient is fit for surgery. Pulmonary function tests and other specialized tests are usually reserved for patients with specific risk factors.

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