Medical Surgical Nursing Practice Questions

Medical Surgical Nursing Practice Questions Related

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In an emergency department, a healthcare provider is preparing to care for a client with multiple system trauma following a motor vehicle crash. What should be the priority focus of care?

  • A. Airway protection
  • B. Decreasing intracranial pressure
  • C. Stabilizing cardiac arrhythmias
  • D. Preventing musculoskeletal disability
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Airway protection. The priority focus of care in a client with multiple system trauma is to ensure a patent airway to maintain oxygenation and ventilation. Without a clear airway, the client can rapidly deteriorate. Airway management takes precedence over other interventions to prevent hypoxia and respiratory failure. Decreasing intracranial pressure (B) and stabilizing cardiac arrhythmias (C) are important but secondary to ensuring adequate oxygenation. Preventing musculoskeletal disability (D) is not the immediate concern in this critical situation.

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A client who experienced a femur fracture 8 hr ago now reports sudden onset dyspnea and severe chest pain. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

  • A. Provide high-flow oxygen.
  • B. Check the client for a positive Chvostek's sign.
  • C. Administer an IV vasopressor medication.
  • D. Monitor the client for headache.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Recognize potential complications of femur fracture - fat embolism syndrome (FES) can cause sudden onset dyspnea and chest pain.
Step 2: Provide high-flow oxygen to improve oxygenation and stabilize the client's condition.
Step 3: Oxygen therapy takes priority to address potential respiratory compromise and prevent further deterioration.
Summary:
- Option B (Chvostek's sign) is unrelated to the client's current symptoms.
- Option C (IV vasopressor) is not indicated for FES.
- Option D (monitor for headache) is not a priority when the client is experiencing dyspnea and chest pain.

Which eating disorder involves self-starvation?

  • A. Binge-eating disorder
  • B. Bulimarexia
  • C. Bulimia nervosa
  • D. Anorexia nervosa
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Anorexia nervosa is characterized by extreme calorie restriction and self-starvation.

A 27-year-old client who is three hours postoperative complains of right leg pain after knee reduction surgery. The first action by the nurse should be to:

  • A. assess vital signs.
  • B. elevate the extremity.
  • C. perform a lower extremity neurovascular check.
  • D. remind the client of the PCA pump and re-instruct the client on its use.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Vital signs may be altered if there is acute pain or complications related to bleeding or swelling, but it should not be assessed before checking the affected extremity. The extremity can be elevated if ordered by the physician. Assessment of the postoperative area is important to determine the presence of bleeding, swelling, or decreased circulation. Reinforcement of teaching on the use of the patient-controlled anesthesia (PCA) pump is important, but it is not the first action.

What term reflects the principles used in teaching adult learners?

  • A. Pedagogy
  • B. Gerogogy
  • C. Cybertexting
  • D. Androgogy
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Androgogy emphasizes learner-centered approaches, aligning with adult learning principles such as relevance and experience.

During an asthma attack, a healthcare provider is assessing a client for hypoxemia. Which of the following manifestations should the provider expect?

  • A. Nausea
  • B. Dysphagia
  • C. Agitation
  • D. Hypotension
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Agitation. During an asthma attack, hypoxemia can lead to increased respiratory effort and decreased oxygen delivery to tissues, causing agitation. Nausea (A) is not a typical manifestation of hypoxemia in asthma. Dysphagia (B) refers to difficulty swallowing and is not directly related to hypoxemia. Hypotension (D) is unlikely in asthma as it is more commonly associated with shock or severe systemic conditions.

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