Nokea
A client who has glaucoma is to have miotic eyedrops instilled in both eyes. The nurse knows that the purpose of the medication is to:
- A. Anesthetize the cornea
- B. Dilate the pupils
- C. Constrict the pupils
- D. Paralyze the muscles of accommodation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Miotics constrict the pupils, increasing aqueous humor outflow to reduce intraocular pressure in glaucoma.
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Which early morning activity helps to reduce the symptoms associated with rheumatoid arthritis?
- A. Brushing the teeth
- B. Drinking a glass of juice
- C. Holding a cup of coffee
- D. Brushing the hair
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Holding a warm cup of coffee can reduce morning stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis by providing warmth and gentle joint movement.
The nurse is assessing a client at home who is receiving outpatient hemodialysis 12 hours a week. The nurse knows the client needs further instruction about proper diet when he states which of the following?
- A. I drink prune juice when I'm constipated.
- B. I drink ginger ale with lunch.
- C. I drink 1 cup of milk with my dinner.
- D. My bread choice is white rather than whole grain.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Milk is high in phosphorus and potassium, which should be limited in hemodialysis patients to prevent electrolyte imbalances.
The nurse is preparing to discharge a client diagnosed with gout. Which statement by the client indicates understanding of dietary restrictions while managing gout?
- A. I should avoid beer, anchovies, and liver.
- B. I should avoid bananas, grapefruit, and oranges.
- C. I should avoid dairy products such as milk and ice cream.
- D. I should avoid red wine, dark chocolate, and aged cheeses.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Beer, anchovies, and liver are high in purines, which exacerbate gout. Other foods listed are not primary triggers.
A client receiving Vancocin (vancomycin) has a serum level of 20 mcg/mL. The nurse knows that the therapeutic range for vancomycin is:
- A. 5-10 mcg/mL
- B. 10-25 mcg/mL
- C. 25-40 mcg/mL
- D. 40-60 mcg/mL
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The therapeutic range for vancomycin is 10-25 mcg/mL, ensuring efficacy while minimizing toxicity; a level of 20 mcg/mL is within this range.
A 57-year-old male with a history of vasculitis has purple discolorations on his legs, each approximately 0.3 cm to 1 cm in size. He asks the nurse what these discolorations are called, and the nurse correctly calls them
- A. ecchymosis.
- B. purpura.
- C. petechia.
- D. bruises.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Purpura are purple discolorations 0.3-1 cm, often seen in vasculitis due to small vessel bleeding. Petechiae are smaller (<0.3 cm), and ecchymosis is larger (>1 cm).