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A client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus asks a nurse about beginning an exercise regimen. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Exercise when insulin is at its peak action.
- B. Eat a piece of fruit before exercising.
- C. Inject additional insulin before exercising.
- D. Avoid protein before exercising.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Eating a piece of fruit before exercising is correct. A small carbohydrate snack before exercise helps prevent hypoglycemia, especially for clients with type 1 diabetes. The body requires glucose for energy, and exercise can lower blood sugar levels rapidly.
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A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for montelukast. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor for?
- A. Mood changes
- B. Weight loss
- C. Bradycardia
- D. Hypoglycemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Montelukast, a leukotriene inhibitor, can cause mood changes, including anxiety or depression, which require monitoring.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is scheduled for a thyroid scan. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Avoid iodine-rich foods for 2 weeks before the scan.
- B. Fast for 12 hours before the scan.
- C. Expect to receive general anesthesia.
- D. Remove all jewelry after the scan.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Avoiding iodine-rich foods for 2 weeks before a thyroid scan ensures accurate uptake of the radioactive tracer.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about hand hygiene with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Use hot water to wash hands.
- B. Apply friction to hands for 10 seconds.
- C. Dry hands starting from forearm to fingers.
- D. Interlace the fingers while rubbing hands together.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Interlacing the fingers while rubbing hands together is correct. Interlacing the fingers and rubbing them together ensures that all surfaces of the hands, including between the fingers, are properly cleaned. This method is recommended in the CDC hand hygiene guidelines for thorough washing.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of restless legs syndrome. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Leg discomfort
- B. Weight gain
- C. Bradycardia
- D. Hypotension
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Leg discomfort, especially at night, is a hallmark symptom of restless legs syndrome, prompting movement.
A nurse is caring for a client who has an indwelling catheter with a urinary drainage system. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Instruct the client to hold the drainage bag at waist height when ambulating.
- B. Coil the tubing on the bed above the collection bag.
- C. Collect a sterile specimen from the urinary drainage bag.
- D. Secure the tubing with adhesive tape to the lower abdomen.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Securing the tubing with adhesive tape to the lower abdomen is correct. For male clients, securing the catheter to the lower abdomen prevents urethral trauma and tension. For female clients, the catheter is typically secured to the inner thigh to minimize movement and irritation.