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A client who is at 12 weeks of gestation is reviewing a new prescription of ferrous sulfate. Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will take this pill with my breakfast.
- B. I will take this medication with a glass of milk.
- C. I plan to drink more orange juice while taking this pill.
- D. I plan to add more calcium-rich foods to my diet while taking this medication.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "I plan to drink more orange juice while taking this pill." Orange juice is rich in vitamin C, which enhances the absorption of iron from ferrous sulfate, helping to combat iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. Taking the pill with a vitamin C source is important for optimal absorption.
A: Taking the pill with breakfast may not provide enough vitamin C for optimal absorption.
B: Milk may inhibit iron absorption due to its calcium content, so it is not ideal to take with ferrous sulfate.
D: While increasing calcium-rich foods is important during pregnancy, it is not directly related to enhancing iron absorption from ferrous sulfate.
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A healthcare provider is reinforcing teaching with a client about a new prescription for medroxyprogesterone. Which of the following information should the provider include in the teaching? (Select all that apply)
- A. Weight fluctuations can occur.
- B. Irregular vaginal spotting can occur.
- C. You should increase your intake of calcium.
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all options are relevant when teaching a client about medroxyprogesterone. A, weight fluctuations can occur due to hormonal changes. B, irregular vaginal spotting is a common side effect of medroxyprogesterone. C, increasing calcium intake is important to prevent bone density loss associated with long-term medroxyprogesterone use. Therefore, all options are essential for comprehensive client education. Other choices are incorrect because excluding any of these key points could lead to incomplete information and potential misunderstandings regarding the medication's effects and management.
A client in a prenatal clinic is pregnant and experiencing episodes of maternal hypotension. The client asks the nurse what causes these episodes. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
- A. This is due to an increase in blood volume.
- B. This is due to pressure from the uterus on the diaphragm.
- C. This is due to the weight of the uterus on the vena cava.
- D. This is due to increased cardiac output.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: This is due to the weight of the uterus on the vena cava. Maternal hypotension during pregnancy can occur when the growing uterus compresses the vena cava, reducing blood flow back to the heart and causing a drop in blood pressure. This compression can lead to decreased blood flow to the brain and other vital organs, resulting in symptoms of hypotension. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: An increase in blood volume during pregnancy typically leads to an increase in blood pressure, not hypotension.
B: Pressure from the uterus on the diaphragm may cause discomfort or shortness of breath but is not the primary cause of maternal hypotension.
D: Increased cardiac output is a normal adaptation in pregnancy to meet the demands of the growing fetus and placenta, but it does not directly cause maternal hypotension.
A client has severe preeclampsia and is receiving magnesium sulfate IV. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify and report as signs of magnesium sulfate toxicity? (Select all that apply)
- A. Respirations less than 12/min
- B. Urinary output less than 25 mL/hr
- C. Decreased level of consciousness
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Magnesium sulfate toxicity can lead to respiratory depression (respirations less than 12/min), decreased urinary output (less than 25 mL/hr), and altered mental status (decreased level of consciousness). Respiratory depression occurs due to the impact of magnesium on the central nervous system. Decreased urinary output is a result of magnesium's effects on renal blood flow. Altered mental status is a common sign of magnesium toxicity affecting brain function. Reporting these signs promptly is crucial to prevent serious complications. The other choices (A, B, C) are incorrect because they are all potential signs of magnesium sulfate toxicity and should be reported.
A healthcare professional in a provider's office is reviewing the medical record of a client who is in her first trimester of pregnancy. Which of the following findings should the healthcare professional identify as a risk factor for the development of preeclampsia?
- A. Singleton pregnancy
- B. BMI of 20
- C. Maternal age of 32 years
- D. Pregestational diabetes mellitus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pregestational diabetes mellitus. Preeclampsia is a condition characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine during pregnancy. Pregestational diabetes is a known risk factor for developing preeclampsia due to the underlying vascular and inflammatory changes associated with diabetes. In contrast, choices A, B, and C are not typically considered risk factors for preeclampsia. A singleton pregnancy (choice A) is a normal occurrence and not a risk factor for preeclampsia. A BMI of 20 (choice B) falls within the healthy weight range and is not a known risk factor for preeclampsia. Maternal age of 32 years (choice C) is also not considered a significant risk factor for preeclampsia in the absence of other factors.
When developing an educational program for adolescents about nutrition during the third trimester of pregnancy, which of the following statements should be included?
- A. Consume three to four servings of dairy each day.
- B. Increase daily caloric intake by 600 to 700 calories.
- C. Limit daily sodium intake to less than 1 gram.
- D. Increase protein intake to 40 to 50 grams per day.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Consume three to four servings of dairy each day. During the third trimester of pregnancy, calcium needs increase to support the baby's bone development. Dairy products are a rich source of calcium. Adolescents are still growing themselves, so adequate calcium intake is crucial for both the mother and baby.
B: Increasing caloric intake by 600 to 700 calories is not specific to the third trimester and may lead to excessive weight gain, which can be harmful.
C: Limiting sodium intake to less than 1 gram is not necessary during pregnancy, and some sodium is required for maintaining fluid balance.
D: Increasing protein intake to 40 to 50 grams per day is important, but it is not specific to the third trimester and may vary based on individual needs.