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A client who is postoperative is verbalizing pain as a 2 on a pain scale of 0 to 10. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understands the preoperative teaching they received about pain management?
- A. ''I think I should take my pain medication more often, since it is not controlling my pain.''
- B. ''Breathing faster will help me keep my mind off of the pain.''
- C. ''It might help me to listen to music while I'm lying in bed.''
- D. ''I don't want to walk today because I have some pain.''
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: The client is verbalizing pain as a 2 indicating mild pain.
Step 2: The client understands the preoperative teaching if they prioritize mobility despite mild pain.
Step 3: Choice D reflects this understanding, as the client is aware of the importance of walking postoperatively.
Step 4: Choices A, B, and C do not demonstrate understanding of preoperative teaching as they focus on increasing medication, distracting from pain, and using music for comfort rather than prioritizing mobility.
Summary: Choice D is correct as it aligns with the goal of postoperative pain management, while choices A, B, and C do not address the importance of mobility in pain management.
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A 32-year-old patient with diabetes is starting on intensive insulin therapy. Which type of insulin will the nurse discuss using for mealtime coverage?
- A. Lispro (Humalog)
- B. Glargine (Lantus)
- C. Detemir (Levemir)
- D. NPH (Humulin N)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lispro (Humalog). Lispro is a rapid-acting insulin that is ideal for mealtime coverage in intensive insulin therapy because it mimics the body's natural insulin response after a meal, providing quick and effective blood sugar control. Lispro has a rapid onset of action, peaks quickly, and has a shorter duration of action compared to other types of insulin. This makes it suitable for covering the rise in blood sugar levels that occurs after meals.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Glargine (Lantus) is a long-acting insulin used for basal coverage, not for mealtime coverage.
C: Detemir (Levemir) is an intermediate-acting insulin used for basal coverage, not for mealtime coverage.
D: NPH (Humulin N) is an intermediate-acting insulin with a slower onset and longer duration of action, making it less suitable for mealtime coverage in intensive insulin therapy.
What is the major difference between managers and leaders?
- A. Leaders usually have legitimate power.
- B. Leaders do not necessarily make good managers.
- C. Managers are not always leaders.
- D. Managers always have legitimate power.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because managers always have legitimate power. This is due to their formal position within an organization, giving them the authority to make decisions, allocate resources, and direct the work of subordinates. This power is typically designated by the organization's hierarchy and structure.
Choice A is incorrect because leaders can possess different types of power, such as referent or expert power, not just legitimate power.
Choice B is incorrect because while leaders and managers have distinct roles, some individuals can excel in both capacities.
Choice C is incorrect because managers are expected to exhibit leadership qualities in addition to their managerial responsibilities.
Which of the following is a key principle of team nursing?
- A. Decentralized decision making
- B. Centralized decision making
- C. Individual accountability
- D. Shared responsibility
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Shared responsibility. In team nursing, all team members share responsibility for patient care, promoting collaboration and teamwork. This principle ensures that each team member contributes to decision-making and patient outcomes.
A: Decentralized decision making is not a key principle of team nursing as it involves individual team members making decisions independently, which can lead to lack of coordination.
B: Centralized decision making is also not a key principle of team nursing as it involves decision-making being controlled by a single authority, undermining the collaborative nature of team nursing.
C: Individual accountability is important in team nursing, but it is not the key principle. Shared responsibility emphasizes collective accountability and collaboration among team members.
A female patient is scheduled for an oral glucose tolerance test. Which information from the
patient’s health history is most important for the nurse to communicate to the health care
provider?
- A. The patient uses oral contraceptives.
- B. The patient runs several days a week.
- C. The patient has been pregnant three times
- D. The patient has a family history of diabetes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The patient uses oral contraceptives. This information is important because oral contraceptives can affect glucose tolerance test results. The hormones in oral contraceptives can impact insulin sensitivity, potentially leading to inaccurate test results. It is crucial for the healthcare provider to be aware of this as it may influence the interpretation of the test.
Other choices are incorrect:
B: The patient runs several days a week - This information is not directly relevant to the oral glucose tolerance test and does not impact the test results.
C: The patient has been pregnant three times - While pregnancy can affect glucose tolerance, the current pregnancy status of the patient is not as pertinent as the use of oral contraceptives in this specific context.
D: The patient has a family history of diabetes - Although family history is a risk factor for diabetes, it is not as immediately relevant to the oral glucose tolerance test as the use of oral contraceptives.
A middle adult client tells the nurse, 'I feel so useless now that my children do not need me anymore.' Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
- A. Validate the client's feelings by saying, 'People in middle adulthood often find satisfaction in nurturing and guiding young people.'
- B. Encourage the client to explore the reasons behind feeling useless.
- C. Reassure the client by saying, 'You should be proud that your children are becoming independent.'
- D. Provide information by saying, 'Most people are happy when their children grow up and leave home.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it validates the client's feelings by acknowledging the common experience of middle adults feeling a sense of purpose through nurturing others. This response shows empathy and understanding, which can help the client feel heard and supported.
Choice B is incorrect because it immediately delves into exploring the reasons behind the feelings without first acknowledging or validating them. This approach may come off as dismissive or insensitive.
Choice C is incorrect because it brushes off the client's feelings by emphasizing the positive aspect of children becoming independent, without addressing the client's emotional distress.
Choice D is incorrect because it makes a generalization about happiness related to children leaving home without directly addressing the client's specific feelings of uselessness. It does not acknowledge or validate the client's emotions.