Nokea
A client who is scheduled for an endometrial biopsy expresses concerns about the procedure as she is apprehensive of 'being operated' on. How can the nurse relieve her anxiety?
- A. The nurse should inform her that this test will not require her to be under anesthetic influence for a long period.
- B. The nurse should inform her that this test will be performed under general anesthesia and she will be pain free.
- C. The nurse should inform her that this test will be performed under the care of expert physicians and nurses.
- D. The nurse should inform her that this procedure may be performed without anesthesia in the physician's office.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Endometrial biopsies are typically minimally invasive and often do not require anesthesia.
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Testosterone produces negative feedback to:
- A. the anterior pituitary to turn off follicle stimulating hormone secretion
- B. the anterior pituitary to turn off both luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone secretion
- C. Sertoli cells turn off inhibin secretion
- D. the anterior pituitary to turn off luteinizing hormone secretion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Testosterone inhibits the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) through negative feedback.
2. LH is produced by the anterior pituitary.
3. Therefore, testosterone exerts negative feedback on the anterior pituitary to turn off LH secretion.
4. This maintains hormonal balance in the body.
Summary of other choices:
A. Incorrect because testosterone primarily affects LH secretion, not follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
B. Incorrect as it inaccurately suggests that testosterone turns off both LH and FSH secretion.
C. Incorrect because Sertoli cells are involved in spermatogenesis, not LH regulation.
One treatment for erectile dysfunction requires the injection of a substance into the corpora cavernosa of the penis. The injection of which of the following causes an erection?
- A. Norepinephrine
- B. A substance that inhibits formation of nitric oxide
- C. Alprostadil
- D. Angiotensin II
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alprostadil is the correct answer because it is a prostaglandin E1 analog that dilates blood vessels in the corpora cavernosa, promoting blood flow and causing an erection. Norepinephrine (choice A) constricts blood vessels and inhibits erection. A substance that inhibits nitric oxide formation (choice B) is counterproductive as nitric oxide is essential for vasodilation. Angiotensin II (choice D) constricts blood vessels and does not promote erection. Therefore, C is the correct choice for inducing an erection through vasodilation in the corpora cavernosa.
When a male is castrated before puberty, he becomes:
- A. Female
- B. Cretin
- C. Eunuch
- D. Potent
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Eunuch. When a male is castrated before puberty, he becomes a eunuch because castration removes the testes, leading to a lack of testosterone production and loss of male secondary sexual characteristics. This results in a eunuch having a more neutral appearance and lacking the ability to reproduce.
A: Choosing "Female" is incorrect because castration does not change the individual's genetic sex.
B: Selecting "Cretin" is incorrect as cretinism is a condition caused by severe thyroid hormone deficiency, not related to castration.
D: Opting for "Potent" is incorrect as castration leads to the loss of reproductive ability, making the individual infertile.
The ejaculatory duct:
- A. forms by the joining of the deferent duct with the seminal vesicle duct;
- B. opens in the urethra;
- C. is an extratesticular spermatic duct;
- D. is an intratesticular spermatic duct;
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the ejaculatory duct is formed by the joining of the deferent duct (vas deferens) with the seminal vesicle duct. This is important for transporting sperm and seminal fluid towards the urethra for ejaculation. Choice B is incorrect because the ejaculatory duct does not open directly into the urethra; rather, it joins with the urethra. Choice C is incorrect as the ejaculatory duct is not extratesticular; it is located within the prostate gland. Choice D is incorrect as the ejaculatory duct is not located within the testicle; it is formed outside the testicle by the union of other structures.
The ovary connects by ligaments to:
- A. the uterus;
- B. the Fallopian tubes;
- C. the rectum;
- D. the pelvic walls;
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: the uterus. The ovary connects to the uterus via ligaments called ovarian ligaments. This connection is essential for the transfer of eggs from the ovary to the uterus during the menstrual cycle and for providing support to the ovary. The other choices are incorrect as the ovary does not directly connect to the Fallopian tubes (B), rectum (C), or pelvic walls (D) via ligaments. The connection to the uterus is crucial for reproductive functions and maintaining the structural integrity of the female reproductive system.