Nokea
Which of the following cells may eventually become spermatozoa?
- A. Sertoli cells
- B. Sustentacular cells
- C. Spermatogonia
- D. Chief cells
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Spermatogonia. Spermatogonia are the male germ cells that undergo mitosis to produce more spermatogonia or differentiate into primary spermatocytes, which eventually develop into spermatozoa through meiosis. Sertoli cells (A) and Sustentacular cells (B) are somatic cells within the testes that support and nourish developing sperm cells, but they do not give rise to spermatozoa. Chief cells (D) are typically found in the stomach and are responsible for producing pepsinogen, unrelated to sperm production.
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The hormone that is released from the placenta is
- A. Follicle stimulating hormone
- B. Luteinizing hormone
- C. Estrogen
- D. Human chorionic gonadotropin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). This hormone is released from the placenta during pregnancy and is essential for maintaining the corpus luteum, which in turn produces progesterone to support the pregnancy. hCG is also the hormone detected in pregnancy tests.
Choice A (Follicle stimulating hormone) and B (Luteinizing hormone) are involved in the menstrual cycle, not specifically released from the placenta.
Choice C (Estrogen) is produced by the ovaries and not directly released from the placenta.
Endometrium
- A. Lined by simple columnar epithelium
- B. Stratum functionalis is shed during menstrual phase
- C. Forming decidua of placenta during pregnancy
- D. Is penetrated by arcuate artery
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stratum functionalis is shed during menstrual phase. The endometrium is composed of two layers - the stratum functionalis and the stratum basalis. The stratum functionalis is the layer that undergoes cyclic changes during the menstrual cycle, thickening and then shedding during menstruation. This process is essential for preparing the endometrium for potential implantation of a fertilized egg.
Choice A is incorrect because the endometrium is actually lined by simple columnar epithelium with ciliated cells. Choice C is incorrect because the decidua is the name for the endometrium during pregnancy, but it is not specific to forming the decidua of the placenta. Choice D is incorrect because the arcuate artery is a branch of the uterine artery that runs along the myometrium, not penetrating the endometrium directly.
Inflammation of vertebra is
- A. Spondylitis.
- B. Spondylolisthesis.
- C. Spondylosis.
- D. Spondylopathy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Spondylitis refers to inflammation of the vertebrae, making it the correct choice.
2. Spondylolisthesis is the anterior displacement of a vertebra, not inflammation.
3. Spondylosis is degenerative changes in the spine, not inflammation.
4. Spondylopathy is a general term for any spinal disease, not specific to inflammation.
A 79-year-old client who has just returned to the surgical unit following a TURP complains of acute abdominal pain caused by bladder spasms. All of these orders are listed on the client's chart. In what order will you accomplish these actions?
- A. Administer acetaminophen/oxycodone 325 mg/5 mg (Percocet) 2 tablets.
- B. Irrigate retention catheter with 30-50 mL of sterile normal saline.
- C. Infuse 500 mL of 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's solution over 2 hours.
- D. Encourage client's oral fluid intake to at least 2500-3000 mL daily.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Irrigating the catheter addresses the potential blockage causing the spasms.
When sexual feelings occur, it is important to
- A. consciously choose to act responsibly
- B. go to a quiet place and talk about what you are feeling with your partner
- C. explore the feelings and do what feels best
- D. see a doctor
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it emphasizes the importance of consciously choosing to act responsibly when sexual feelings arise. This involves considering the consequences, respecting boundaries, and making informed decisions. Going to a quiet place to talk (B) may not address responsible actions. Exploring feelings and doing what feels best (C) may lead to impulsive or harmful choices. Seeing a doctor (D) is not necessary for regular sexual feelings. A conscious and responsible approach promotes healthy relationships and personal well-being.