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A client who is suspected of urinary tract infection is asked to collect a 24-hour urine specimen for culture. Which measure can the nurse suggest to the client that may help prevent the entire urine specimen from becoming contaminated?
- A. Collect the voided urine sample primarily before 5 AM.
- B. Refrigerate the specimen until it is taken to the laboratory.
- C. Use the same receptacle for voiding and defecation.
- D. Store the collected urine away from sunlight.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: To prevent the entire urine specimen from becoming contaminated, the urine specimen should be refrigerated until it can be taken to the laboratory. The nurse should ask the client to use separate receptacles for voiding and defecation to prevent any part of the specimen from being lost or contaminated. Urinating and collecting the urine sample only before 5 AM and collecting and storing the urine away from sunlight will not help prevent the urine specimen from becoming contaminated.
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The nurse is assisting the physician in completing a cystoscopy. In which position would the nurse place the client when preparing for the procedure?
- A. On the client's back with knees to the side
- B. On the client's back with feet in the stirrups
- C. On the client's right side with a pillow behind the back
- D. On the client's left side with a pillow behind the back
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The client who is undergoing a cystoscopy will be positioned on the back with the feet in stirrups. The client is also to have an empty bladder and may be sedated for the procedure.
A client is scheduled for a renal angiography. What would be appropriate for the nurse to do before the test?
- A. Monitor the client for signs of electrolyte and water imbalance.
- B. Monitor the client for an allergy to iodine contrast material.
- C. Assess the client's mental changes.
- D. Evaluate the client for periorbital edema.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A renal angiography procedure will be contraindicated if the client is allergic to iodine contrast material. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to monitor the client for an allergy to iodine contrast material. The nurse monitors the client for the signs of electrolyte and water imbalance, mental changes, and periorbital edema at any time regardless of the test being done.
When describing the functions of the kidney to a client, which would the nurse include?
- A. Regulation of white blood cell production
- B. Synthesis of vitamin K
- C. Control of water balance
- D. Secretion of the enzyme renin
- E. Management of blood pressure
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: Functions of the kidneys include control of water balance and blood pressure, regulation of red blood cell production, synthesis of vitamin D to active form, and secretion of prostaglandins. They also produce the enzyme renin.
The nurse is caring for a client who is describing urinary symptoms of needing to go to the bathroom with little notice. When the nurse is documenting these symptoms, which medical term will the nurse document?
- A. Urinary frequency
- B. Urinary urgency
- C. Urinary incontinence
- D. Urinary stasis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse would document urinary urgency. Urinary frequency is urinating more frequently than normal often times due to inadequate emptying of the bladder. Urinary incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine. Urinary stasis is a stoppage or diminution of flow.
The nurse is caring for a client who is admitted to the nursing unit for a biopsy of the urinary tract tissue. When planning nursing care for the postoperative period, which nursing intervention documents the prescribed activity level?
- A. Maintain the client on bedrest
- B. Assist the client for bathroom privileges
- C. Ambulate the client in the hall
- D. Activity as tolerated
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Following a urinary tract biopsy, the client is typically maintained on bedrest to minimize the risk of bleeding, given the high vascularity of the renal system. Assisting with bathroom privileges, ambulating in the hall, or allowing activity as tolerated may increase the risk of complications such as bleeding and are not typically prescribed immediately post-procedure.