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The nurse is providing care to a client who has a renal biopsy. The nurse would need to be alert for signs and symptoms of what?
- A. Bleeding
- B. Infection
- C. Dehydration
- D. Allergic reaction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Renal biopsy carries the risk of post-procedure bleeding because the kidneys receive up to 25% of the cardiac output each minute. Therefore, the nurse would need to be alert for signs and symptoms of bleeding. Although infection is also a risk, the risk for bleeding is greater. Dehydration and allergic reaction are not associated with a renal biopsy.
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The nurse is caring for a client who is describing urinary symptoms of needing to go to the bathroom with little notice. When the nurse is documenting these symptoms, which medical term will the nurse document?
- A. Urinary frequency
- B. Urinary urgency
- C. Urinary incontinence
- D. Urinary stasis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse would document urinary urgency. Urinary frequency is urinating more frequently than normal often times due to inadequate emptying of the bladder. Urinary incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine. Urinary stasis is a stoppage or diminution of flow.
The nurse is caring for a client who is brought to the emergency department after being found unconscious outside in hot weather. Dehydration is suspected. Baseline lab work including a urine specific gravity is ordered. Which relation between the client's symptoms and urine specific gravity is anticipated?
- A. The specific gravity will be relatively constant
- B. The specific gravity will equal to one
- C. The specific gravity will be high
- D. The specific gravity will be low
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse assesses all of the data to make an informed decision on client status. On a hot day, the client found outside will be perspiring. When dehydration occurs, a client will have low urine output and increased specific gravity of urine. In kidney disease, the specific gravity may remain relatively constant. The density of distilled water is one. A low specific gravity is noted in a client with high fluid intake and who is not losing systemic fluid.
The nurse has received morning lab work on a client with chronic renal disease. Which finding indicates renal disease?
- A. Urine pH of 6.5
- B. Urine nitrate: negative
- C. Protein level of 400 mg/dL
- D. Specific gravity: 1.0.2
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse must analyze components of a urinalysis to determine abnormal results. Protein at a level of 400 mg/dL is high and indicates renal disease. The other results are normal.
A nurse is describing the renal system to a client with a kidney disorder. Which structure would the nurse identify as emptying into the ureters?
- A. Nephron
- B. Renal pelvis
- C. Parenchyma
- D. Glomerulus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The renal pelvis empties into the ureter which carries urine to the bladder for storage. The nephron consists of the glomerulus, afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, Bowman's capsule, distal and proximal convoluted tubules, the loop of Henle, and collecting tubule. The nephron is located in the cortex and carries out the functions of the kidney. The parenchyma is made up of the cortex and medulla.
The nurse is teaching a client about a urologic diagnostic procedure. Which teaching philosophy provides the best manner to present the information to the client?
- A. Stand beside the client and direct all information in the client's direction.
- B. Begin with the information most difficult to understand.
- C. Include humorous pictures to lighten the mood.
- D. Move from general details of the procedure to specifics.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Move from the general aspects such as purpose of the procedure to specifics including how the client will assist in the procedure. Doing so provides a foundation of knowledge and proceeds to more specific information. The client is more willing to participate when knowing the rationale. Standing beside the client, particularly if the client is in bed or seated, is a position of power. Humorous pictures do not convey the importance of the procedure or client participation.