Nokea
A client with a colostomy complains to the nurse of appliance odor. The nurse recommends that the client take in which deodorizing foods?
- A. Eggs
- B. Yogurt
- C. Cucumbers
- D. Mushrooms
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Foods that help eliminate odor with a colostomy include yogurt, buttermilk, cranberry juice, and parsley. Foods that cause odor are many and include alcohol, beans, turnips, radishes, asparagus, onions, cucumbers, mushrooms, cabbage, eggs, and fish.
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The nurse is teaching a client who had been newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus about blood glucose monitoring. The nurse should teach the client to report glucose levels that consistently exceed which level?
- A. 150 mg/dL (8.57 mmol/L)
- B. 200 mg/dL (11.42 mmol/L)
- C. 250 mg/dL (14.28 mmol/L)
- D. 350 mg/dL (20.0 mmol/L)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The normal blood glucose level ranges from 70 to 110 mg/dL (4 to 6 mmol/L), or as designated and preferred by the primary health care provider. The client with diabetes mellitus should be taught to report blood glucose levels that exceed 250 mg/dL (14.28 mmol/L), unless otherwise instructed by the primary health care provider. Options 1 and 2 are high levels but do not require primary health care provider notification. Option 4 is a high value; the client should report an elevated level before it reaches this point.
A nursing instructor asks a student to identify risk factors for and methods of preventing prostate cancer. Which statement by the student indicates the need for further teaching?
- A. Smoking increases the risk for this type of cancer.'
- B. A high-fat diet will assist in preventing this type of cancer.'
- C. A history of a sexually transmitted infection is a risk for this disease.'
- D. Men more than 50 years old should be monitored with a yearly digital rectal exam.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Smoking, history of a sexually transmitted infection, and yearly digital examinations are accurate statements regarding the risks and prevention measures related to this type of cancer. Prostate cancer is a slow-growing malignancy of the prostate gland. A high intake of dietary fat is a risk factor for prostate cancer.
The nurse is performing an assessment on an older client. Which signs/symptoms are age-related changes in the eye? Select all that apply.
- A. Clear sclera
- B. Blurred vision
- C. Protruding cornea
- D. Increased tear production
- E. Diminished pupillary adaptation to darkness
- F. Increased ability to discriminate among colors
Correct Answer: B,E
Rationale: Age-related changes in the eye include flattening of the cornea, which causes blurred vision; poor pupillary adaptation to darkness; yellowing sclera; a sunken appearance; diminished tear production; diminished ability to discriminate among colors; and reduced ocular muscle strength.
A client has a history of urolithiasis related to hyperuricemia. To prevent the formation of future stones, the nurse instructs the client to avoid which food?
- A. Liver
- B. Carrots
- C. White rice
- D. Skim milk
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Urolithiasis related to hyperuricemia involves high uric acid levels, and foods high in purines, such as liver, should be avoided because they increase uric acid production. Carrots, white rice, and skim milk are low in purines and safe for this client.
The nurse is teaching a mother diagnosed with diabetes mellitus who delivered a large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infant about the care of the infant. The nurse tells the mother that LGA infants appear to be more mature because of their large size, but that, in reality, these infants frequently need to be aroused to facilitate nutritional intake and attachment. Which statement by the mother indicates the need for additional teaching about the care of the infant?
- A. I will talk to my baby when he is in a quiet, alert state.
- B. I will allow my baby to sleep through the night because he needs his rest.
- C. I will breast-feed my baby every 2½ to 3 hours and will use arousal techniques.
- D. I will watch my baby closely because I know that he may not be as mature in his motor development.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: LGA infants tend to be more difficult to arouse and therefore must be aroused to facilitate nutritional intake and attachment opportunities. These infants also have problems maintaining a quiet, alert state. It is beneficial for the mother to interact with the infant during this time to enhance and lengthen the quiet, alert state. LGA infants need to be aroused for feedings, usually every 2½ to 3 hours for breast-feeding. Although the infant is large, motor function is not usually as mature as it is in the term infant.