Nokea
A nurse is preparing to talk about hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to a group of women at a women's fair at the local hospital. Which statements regarding HRT are correct? Select all that apply.
- A. HRT decreases the risk of breast cancer.
- B. HRT decreases the risk of stroke in postmenopausal women.
- C. HRT lowers the risk of bone fractures caused by osteoporosis.
- D. HRT increases the risk of bone fractures caused by osteoporosis.
- E. HRT decreases the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in women who do not smoke.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HRT reduces fracture risk by improving bone density. It increases breast cancer, stroke, and CAD risks, and does not decrease CAD risk in non-smokers.
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A client has a history of urolithiasis related to hyperuricemia. To prevent the formation of future stones, the nurse instructs the client to avoid which food?
- A. Liver
- B. Carrots
- C. White rice
- D. Skim milk
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Urolithiasis related to hyperuricemia involves high uric acid levels, and foods high in purines, such as liver, should be avoided because they increase uric acid production. Carrots, white rice, and skim milk are low in purines and safe for this client.
The nurse creates a plan of care for an older client diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. It is important that the nurse plans to complete which action first?
- A. Structure menus for adherence to diet.
- B. Teach with videotapes showing insulin administration to ensure competence.
- C. Encourage dependence on others to prepare the client for the chronicity of the disease.
- D. Assess the client's ability to read label markings on syringes and blood glucose monitoring equipment.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Assessing the client's ability to read syringe and glucose monitor markings is the first step, ensuring they can manage self-care. Structuring menus or teaching with videos assumes capability, and encouraging dependence is inappropriate.
The nurse is preparing a client diagnosed with pneumonia for discharge. Which statement by the client should alert the nurse to the fact that the client needs further teaching before being discharged?
- A. I will take all of my antibiotics, even if I do feel 100% better.
- B. You can toss out that incentive spirometer as soon as I leave for home.
- C. I realize that it may be weeks before my usual sense of well-being returns.
- D. It is a good idea for me to take a nap every afternoon for the next couple of weeks.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Deep breathing and coughing exercises and the use of incentive spirometry should be practiced for 6 to 8 weeks after the client diagnosed with pneumonia is discharged from the hospital to keep the alveoli expanded and promote the removal of lung secretions. If the entire regimen of antibiotics is not taken, the client may suffer a relapse. The period of convalescence with pneumonia is often lengthy, and it may be weeks before the client feels a sense of well-being. Adequate rest is needed to maintain progress toward recovery.
A client has received a prescription for lisinopril. The nurse teaches the client that which frequent side effect may occur?
- A. Cough
- B. Polyuria
- C. Hypothermia
- D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cough is a frequent side effect of therapy with any of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Fever is an occasional side effect. Proteinuria is another common side effect, but polyuria is not. Hypertension is the reason to administer the medication rather than a side effect.
The nurse is teaching a client with hypertension about items that contain sodium and reviews a written list of items sent from the cardiac rehabilitation department. The nurse tells the client that which item is lowest in sodium content?
- A. Antacids
- B. Laxatives
- C. Toothpaste
- D. Demineralized water
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Water that is bottled, distilled, deionized, or demineralized may be used for drinking and cooking. Clients are advised to read labels for sodium content. Sodium intake can be increased with the use of several types of products, including toothpaste and mouthwashes; over-the-counter medications such as analgesics, antacids, cough remedies, laxatives, and sedatives; and softened water, as well as some mineral waters.