Nokea
The clinic nurse is talking to a client who has just been prescribed hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Which statement about HRT by the nurse is correct?
- A. HRT decreases the risk of stroke.
- B. HRT increases the risk of osteoporosis.
- C. HRT decreases the risk of deep vein thrombosis.
- D. HRT increases the risk of coronary artery disease.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: HRT increases the risk of coronary artery disease. It does not decrease stroke or DVT risk and helps prevent osteoporosis.
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A client has a history of urolithiasis related to hyperuricemia. To prevent the formation of future stones, the nurse instructs the client to avoid which food?
- A. Liver
- B. Carrots
- C. White rice
- D. Skim milk
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Urolithiasis related to hyperuricemia involves high uric acid levels, and foods high in purines, such as liver, should be avoided because they increase uric acid production. Carrots, white rice, and skim milk are low in purines and safe for this client.
The nurse creates a plan of care for an older client diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. It is important that the nurse plans to complete which action first?
- A. Structure menus for adherence to diet.
- B. Teach with videotapes showing insulin administration to ensure competence.
- C. Encourage dependence on others to prepare the client for the chronicity of the disease.
- D. Assess the client's ability to read label markings on syringes and blood glucose monitoring equipment.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Assessing the client's ability to read syringe and glucose monitor markings is the first step, ensuring they can manage self-care. Structuring menus or teaching with videos assumes capability, and encouraging dependence is inappropriate.
The nurse is teaching a client who had been newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus about blood glucose monitoring. The nurse should teach the client to report glucose levels that consistently exceed which level?
- A. 150 mg/dL (8.57 mmol/L)
- B. 200 mg/dL (11.42 mmol/L)
- C. 250 mg/dL (14.28 mmol/L)
- D. 350 mg/dL (20.0 mmol/L)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The normal blood glucose level ranges from 70 to 110 mg/dL (4 to 6 mmol/L), or as designated and preferred by the primary health care provider. The client with diabetes mellitus should be taught to report blood glucose levels that exceed 250 mg/dL (14.28 mmol/L), unless otherwise instructed by the primary health care provider. Options 1 and 2 are high levels but do not require primary health care provider notification. Option 4 is a high value; the client should report an elevated level before it reaches this point.
A nursing instructor asks a student to identify risk factors for and methods of preventing prostate cancer. Which statement by the student indicates the need for further teaching?
- A. Smoking increases the risk for this type of cancer.'
- B. A high-fat diet will assist in preventing this type of cancer.'
- C. A history of a sexually transmitted infection is a risk for this disease.'
- D. Men more than 50 years old should be monitored with a yearly digital rectal exam.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Smoking, history of a sexually transmitted infection, and yearly digital examinations are accurate statements regarding the risks and prevention measures related to this type of cancer. Prostate cancer is a slow-growing malignancy of the prostate gland. A high intake of dietary fat is a risk factor for prostate cancer.
The nurse is teaching a client with hypertension about items that contain sodium and reviews a written list of items sent from the cardiac rehabilitation department. The nurse tells the client that which item is lowest in sodium content?
- A. Antacids
- B. Laxatives
- C. Toothpaste
- D. Demineralized water
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Water that is bottled, distilled, deionized, or demineralized may be used for drinking and cooking. Clients are advised to read labels for sodium content. Sodium intake can be increased with the use of several types of products, including toothpaste and mouthwashes; over-the-counter medications such as analgesics, antacids, cough remedies, laxatives, and sedatives; and softened water, as well as some mineral waters.