Nokea
A client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease is about to begin hemodialysis therapy. The client asks the nurse about the frequency and scheduling of hemodialysis treatments. What information should the nurse supply to the client regarding the typical hemodialysis schedule?
- A. It is 2 hours of treatment 6 days per week.
- B. It is 5 hours of treatment 2 days per week.
- C. It is 2 to 3 hours of treatment 5 days per week.
- D. It is 3 to 4 hours of treatment 3 days per week.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The typical hemodialysis schedule is 3 to 4 hours, 3 days per week, adjusted based on client size, dialyzer type, blood flow rate, and preferences. Other options do not reflect standard practice.
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The home care nurse visits a client who had a stroke (brain attack) with resultant unilateral neglect who was recently discharged from the hospital. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the family regarding care?
- A. Assist the client from the affected side.
- B. Place personal items directly in front of the client.
- C. Discourage the client from scanning the environment.
- D. Assist the client with grooming the unaffected side first.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Unilateral neglect involves a lack of awareness of the affected side. Assisting from the affected side helps focus the client's attention on it, promoting awareness. Initially, items are placed on the unaffected side, but gradually shifted. Scanning the environment is encouraged, and grooming the affected side first aids awareness.
A client has received a prescription for lisinopril. The nurse teaches the client that which frequent side effect may occur?
- A. Cough
- B. Polyuria
- C. Hypothermia
- D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cough is a frequent side effect of therapy with any of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Fever is an occasional side effect. Proteinuria is another common side effect, but polyuria is not. Hypertension is the reason to administer the medication rather than a side effect.
The nurse is preparing a client diagnosed with pneumonia for discharge. Which statement by the client should alert the nurse to the fact that the client needs further teaching before being discharged?
- A. I will take all of my antibiotics, even if I do feel 100% better.
- B. You can toss out that incentive spirometer as soon as I leave for home.
- C. I realize that it may be weeks before my usual sense of well-being returns.
- D. It is a good idea for me to take a nap every afternoon for the next couple of weeks.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Deep breathing and coughing exercises and the use of incentive spirometry should be practiced for 6 to 8 weeks after the client diagnosed with pneumonia is discharged from the hospital to keep the alveoli expanded and promote the removal of lung secretions. If the entire regimen of antibiotics is not taken, the client may suffer a relapse. The period of convalescence with pneumonia is often lengthy, and it may be weeks before the client feels a sense of well-being. Adequate rest is needed to maintain progress toward recovery.
The nurse creates a plan of care for an older client diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. It is important that the nurse plans to complete which action first?
- A. Structure menus for adherence to diet.
- B. Teach with videotapes showing insulin administration to ensure competence.
- C. Encourage dependence on others to prepare the client for the chronicity of the disease.
- D. Assess the client's ability to read label markings on syringes and blood glucose monitoring equipment.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Assessing the client's ability to read syringe and glucose monitor markings is the first step, ensuring they can manage self-care. Structuring menus or teaching with videos assumes capability, and encouraging dependence is inappropriate.
A client with a colostomy complains to the nurse of appliance odor. The nurse recommends that the client take in which deodorizing foods?
- A. Eggs
- B. Yogurt
- C. Cucumbers
- D. Mushrooms
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Foods that help eliminate odor with a colostomy include yogurt, buttermilk, cranberry juice, and parsley. Foods that cause odor are many and include alcohol, beans, turnips, radishes, asparagus, onions, cucumbers, mushrooms, cabbage, eggs, and fish.