Nokea
The nurse is teaching a client who had been newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus about blood glucose monitoring. The nurse should teach the client to report glucose levels that consistently exceed which level?
- A. 150 mg/dL (8.57 mmol/L)
- B. 200 mg/dL (11.42 mmol/L)
- C. 250 mg/dL (14.28 mmol/L)
- D. 350 mg/dL (20.0 mmol/L)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The normal blood glucose level ranges from 70 to 110 mg/dL (4 to 6 mmol/L), or as designated and preferred by the primary health care provider. The client with diabetes mellitus should be taught to report blood glucose levels that exceed 250 mg/dL (14.28 mmol/L), unless otherwise instructed by the primary health care provider. Options 1 and 2 are high levels but do not require primary health care provider notification. Option 4 is a high value; the client should report an elevated level before it reaches this point.
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A nurse is preparing to talk about hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to a group of women at a women's fair at the local hospital. Which statements regarding HRT are correct? Select all that apply.
- A. HRT decreases the risk of breast cancer.
- B. HRT decreases the risk of stroke in postmenopausal women.
- C. HRT lowers the risk of bone fractures caused by osteoporosis.
- D. HRT increases the risk of bone fractures caused by osteoporosis.
- E. HRT decreases the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in women who do not smoke.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HRT reduces fracture risk by improving bone density. It increases breast cancer, stroke, and CAD risks, and does not decrease CAD risk in non-smokers.
The nurse is teaching a client with hypertension about items that contain sodium and reviews a written list of items sent from the cardiac rehabilitation department. The nurse tells the client that which item is lowest in sodium content?
- A. Antacids
- B. Laxatives
- C. Toothpaste
- D. Demineralized water
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Water that is bottled, distilled, deionized, or demineralized may be used for drinking and cooking. Clients are advised to read labels for sodium content. Sodium intake can be increased with the use of several types of products, including toothpaste and mouthwashes; over-the-counter medications such as analgesics, antacids, cough remedies, laxatives, and sedatives; and softened water, as well as some mineral waters.
The nurse is preparing a client diagnosed with pneumonia for discharge. Which statement by the client should alert the nurse to the fact that the client needs further teaching before being discharged?
- A. I will take all of my antibiotics, even if I do feel 100% better.
- B. You can toss out that incentive spirometer as soon as I leave for home.
- C. I realize that it may be weeks before my usual sense of well-being returns.
- D. It is a good idea for me to take a nap every afternoon for the next couple of weeks.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Deep breathing and coughing exercises and the use of incentive spirometry should be practiced for 6 to 8 weeks after the client diagnosed with pneumonia is discharged from the hospital to keep the alveoli expanded and promote the removal of lung secretions. If the entire regimen of antibiotics is not taken, the client may suffer a relapse. The period of convalescence with pneumonia is often lengthy, and it may be weeks before the client feels a sense of well-being. Adequate rest is needed to maintain progress toward recovery.
A child with a diagnosis of umbilical hernia has been scheduled for surgical repair in 2 weeks. The clinic nurse instructs the parents about the signs of possible hernia strangulation. The nurse tells the parents that which sign requires primary health care provider notification?
- A. Fever
- B. Diarrhea
- C. Vomiting
- D. Constipation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The parents of a child with an umbilical hernia need to be instructed regarding the signs/symptoms of strangulation, which include vomiting, pain, and an irreducible mass at the umbilicus. Fever, diarrhea, and constipation are not signs of hernia strangulation. The parents should be instructed to contact the primary health care provider immediately if strangulation is suspected.
The clinic nurse is talking to a client who has just been prescribed hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Which statement about HRT by the nurse is correct?
- A. HRT decreases the risk of stroke.
- B. HRT increases the risk of osteoporosis.
- C. HRT decreases the risk of deep vein thrombosis.
- D. HRT increases the risk of coronary artery disease.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: HRT increases the risk of coronary artery disease. It does not decrease stroke or DVT risk and helps prevent osteoporosis.