Nokea
The nurse is teaching a client with hypertension about items that contain sodium and reviews a written list of items sent from the cardiac rehabilitation department. The nurse tells the client that which item is lowest in sodium content?
- A. Antacids
- B. Laxatives
- C. Toothpaste
- D. Demineralized water
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Water that is bottled, distilled, deionized, or demineralized may be used for drinking and cooking. Clients are advised to read labels for sodium content. Sodium intake can be increased with the use of several types of products, including toothpaste and mouthwashes; over-the-counter medications such as analgesics, antacids, cough remedies, laxatives, and sedatives; and softened water, as well as some mineral waters.
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The nurse creates a plan of care for an older client diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. It is important that the nurse plans to complete which action first?
- A. Structure menus for adherence to diet.
- B. Teach with videotapes showing insulin administration to ensure competence.
- C. Encourage dependence on others to prepare the client for the chronicity of the disease.
- D. Assess the client's ability to read label markings on syringes and blood glucose monitoring equipment.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Assessing the client's ability to read syringe and glucose monitor markings is the first step, ensuring they can manage self-care. Structuring menus or teaching with videos assumes capability, and encouraging dependence is inappropriate.
A nurse is preparing to talk about hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to a group of women at a women's fair at the local hospital. Which statements regarding HRT are correct? Select all that apply.
- A. HRT decreases the risk of breast cancer.
- B. HRT decreases the risk of stroke in postmenopausal women.
- C. HRT lowers the risk of bone fractures caused by osteoporosis.
- D. HRT increases the risk of bone fractures caused by osteoporosis.
- E. HRT decreases the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in women who do not smoke.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HRT reduces fracture risk by improving bone density. It increases breast cancer, stroke, and CAD risks, and does not decrease CAD risk in non-smokers.
A client with a colostomy complains to the nurse of appliance odor. The nurse recommends that the client take in which deodorizing foods?
- A. Eggs
- B. Yogurt
- C. Cucumbers
- D. Mushrooms
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Foods that help eliminate odor with a colostomy include yogurt, buttermilk, cranberry juice, and parsley. Foods that cause odor are many and include alcohol, beans, turnips, radishes, asparagus, onions, cucumbers, mushrooms, cabbage, eggs, and fish.
A child with a diagnosis of umbilical hernia has been scheduled for surgical repair in 2 weeks. The clinic nurse instructs the parents about the signs of possible hernia strangulation. The nurse tells the parents that which sign requires primary health care provider notification?
- A. Fever
- B. Diarrhea
- C. Vomiting
- D. Constipation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The parents of a child with an umbilical hernia need to be instructed regarding the signs/symptoms of strangulation, which include vomiting, pain, and an irreducible mass at the umbilicus. Fever, diarrhea, and constipation are not signs of hernia strangulation. The parents should be instructed to contact the primary health care provider immediately if strangulation is suspected.
The nurse is teaching a mother diagnosed with diabetes mellitus who delivered a large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infant about the care of the infant. The nurse tells the mother that LGA infants appear to be more mature because of their large size, but that, in reality, these infants frequently need to be aroused to facilitate nutritional intake and attachment. Which statement by the mother indicates the need for additional teaching about the care of the infant?
- A. I will talk to my baby when he is in a quiet, alert state.
- B. I will allow my baby to sleep through the night because he needs his rest.
- C. I will breast-feed my baby every 2½ to 3 hours and will use arousal techniques.
- D. I will watch my baby closely because I know that he may not be as mature in his motor development.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: LGA infants tend to be more difficult to arouse and therefore must be aroused to facilitate nutritional intake and attachment opportunities. These infants also have problems maintaining a quiet, alert state. It is beneficial for the mother to interact with the infant during this time to enhance and lengthen the quiet, alert state. LGA infants need to be aroused for feedings, usually every 2½ to 3 hours for breast-feeding. Although the infant is large, motor function is not usually as mature as it is in the term infant.