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A client with a history of heart failure is prescribed metoprolol (Lopressor). The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following side effects?
- A. Hypertension.
- B. Bradycardia.
- C. Hyperglycemia.
- D. Weight loss.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metoprolol, a beta-blocker, can cause bradycardia, requiring close monitoring of heart rate.
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A client with a history of anxiety is prescribed buspirone (Buspar). The nurse should teach the client that the medication:
- A. Takes 2 to 4 weeks to be effective
- B. Causes immediate sedation
- C. Is taken as needed for panic attacks
- D. May cause weight loss
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Buspirone requires 2 to 4 weeks to achieve therapeutic effects for anxiety, unlike benzodiazepines, which act quickly.
An 80-year-old client with severe kidney damage is placed on life support and dialysis. Care decisions are being made by his wife, who is showing signs of early Alzheimer's disease. The client's daughter arrives from out of town with a copy of the client's living will, which states that the client did not want to be on life support. The nurse should:
- A. Immediately inform the physician about the living will.
- B. Suggest to the daughter that she discuss her father's wishes with her mother.
- C. Prepare to remove the client from life support.
- D. Make a copy of the living will and give it to the client's wife.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Informing the physician about the living will ensures that the client's wishes are addressed promptly.
Intussusception occurs when:
- A. Part of the intestine slides into another part of the intestine.
- B. The appendix ruptures.
- C. An ileostomy stoma retracts below the abdominal surface.
- D. Lungs are infiltrated.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intussusception is a condition where one segment of the intestine telescopes into another, causing obstruction, most commonly in children.
The nurse is caring for a client with a nasogastric tube in place for decompression. Which of the following actions is most appropriate to ensure proper functioning of the tube?
- A. Irrigate the tube with 30 mL of sterile saline every 4 hours.
- B. Keep the head of the bed elevated at 45 degrees.
- C. Check for tube placement every shift.
- D. Clamp the tube when ambulating the client.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Checking tube placement every shift ensures the nasogastric tube remains in the stomach, preventing complications like aspiration.
Your pregnant client has a new order for a medication. What principle should you apply to this new medication?
- A. The fact that drugs classified as categories C, D and X are contraindicated for women who are pregnant.
- B. The fact that drugs classified as categories A, B and C are contraindicated for women who are pregnant.
- C. The fact that drugs classified as categories C, D and E are contraindicated for women who are pregnant.
- D. The fact that drugs classified as categories C, D and Z are contraindicated for women who are pregnant.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Drugs in FDA pregnancy categories C, D, and X carry risks (potential harm, known harm, or absolute contraindication, respectively) and are generally contraindicated in pregnancy unless benefits outweigh risks.