LPN Nursing Fundamentals

LPN Nursing Fundamentals Related

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A client with a new diagnosis of anemia is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should be included in the teaching?

  • A. You should increase your intake of foods high in iron.
  • B. You should decrease your intake of foods high in calcium.
  • C. You should avoid foods that contain gluten.
  • D. You should increase your intake of high-fat foods.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'You should increase your intake of foods high in iron.' This statement should be included in the teaching because increasing intake of foods high in iron is essential for managing anemia. Iron is a key component for producing hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood. By increasing iron-rich foods like leafy greens, red meat, and fortified cereals, the client can help improve their hemoglobin levels and overall health. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Decreasing intake of foods high in calcium is not necessary for anemia management; avoiding foods that contain gluten is relevant for individuals with gluten sensitivity or celiac disease, not anemia; and increasing intake of high-fat foods is not recommended for managing anemia.

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The nurse is caring for a client following a TURP. The client's catheter becomes obstructed. The nurse should:

  • A. Notify the physician immediately
  • B. Increase the flow rate of the irrigating solution
  • C. Milk the catheter to remove the obstruction
  • D. Remove the catheter and replace it with a new one
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Notifying the physician immediately for an obstructed catheter post-TURP prevents bladder distention or bleeding increasing flow risks pressure, milking may dislodge clots unsafely, and removal isn't nurse-initiated. Nurses act fast, ensuring patency, critical in urologic surgery.

A client has a new diagnosis of GERD. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching about dietary management?

  • A. You should increase your intake of high-fat foods.
  • B. You should decrease your intake of high-fat foods.
  • C. You should avoid foods that contain gluten.
  • D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to decrease the intake of high-fat foods. High-fat foods can exacerbate symptoms of GERD by delaying stomach emptying and increasing the risk of reflux. By reducing high-fat foods in the diet, the client can help manage symptoms of GERD and decrease the likelihood of complications. Choice A is incorrect because increasing high-fat foods can worsen GERD symptoms. Choice C is unrelated as gluten is not a specific concern for GERD. Choice D is incorrect as increasing dairy products may lead to increased fat intake, which is not recommended for GERD.

The nurse chose to respect Mr. Gary's refusal of care. This is an example of?

  • A. Ethics
  • B. Health promotion
  • C. Care coordination
  • D. Nursing informatics
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Respecting care refusal is ethics (A) moral decision, per principles (autonomy). Promotion (B) prevents, coordination (C) organizes, informatics (D) tech not ethics-specific. A fits moral choice, making it correct.

When teaching a client with a new diagnosis of hypertension about medication adherence, which statement should the nurse include?

  • A. You can stop taking your medication once your blood pressure is normal.
  • B. You should take your medication at the same time every day.
  • C. You can double your dose if you miss a dose.
  • D. You should take your medication with a high-fat meal.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'You should take your medication at the same time every day.' Taking medication consistently at the same time daily is crucial for maintaining steady blood levels and effectively managing hypertension. It helps ensure that the medication works optimally and provides the best control of blood pressure throughout the day. Choice A is incorrect because stopping medication once blood pressure is normal can lead to a relapse or worsening of hypertension. Choice C is incorrect as doubling the dose without healthcare provider guidance can be dangerous. Choice D is incorrect as taking medication with a high-fat meal can affect its absorption and efficacy.

Polyhydramnios means amniotic fluid volume more than:

  • A. 1000 ml
  • B. 1500 ml
  • C. 2000 ml
  • D. 2500 ml
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Polyhydramnios is excess amniotic fluid, complicating pregnancy. Normal volume at term is 500-1000 ml. Polyhydramnios is diagnosed above 2000 ml (choice C) via ultrasound (amniotic fluid index >24 cm), often due to fetal anomalies (e.g., esophageal atresia) or maternal diabetes. 1000 ml (choice A) is normal, 1500 ml (choice B) is borderline, and 2500 ml (choice D) exceeds typical thresholds but isn't the standard cutoff. C is correct, per obstetric guidelines. Nurses monitor for preterm labor or distress, supporting maternal-fetal care.