Nokea
. A client with a suspected left sided heart failure is scheduled to undergo a multigated acquisition scan. Which of the following actions is required before undergoing the test?
- A. Diuretics are administered
- B. Client should avoid fluid intake 6 hours
- C. Client is medicated to relieve cough before the test
- D. Client is administered analgesics
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Before undergoing a multigated acquisition scan, a client with suspected left sided heart failure should be medicated to relieve cough. Coughing can disrupt the accuracy of the scan results by affecting the heart's movement and leading to motion artifacts. Therefore, it is essential to address any coughing issues before the test to ensure reliable and accurate imaging of the heart's function. The other options, such as administering diuretics, avoiding fluid intake, and administering analgesics, are not directly related to optimizing the imaging quality of the multigated acquisition scan for a client with suspected left sided heart failure.
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A patient is hemorrhaging from multiple trauma sites. The nurse expects that compensatory mechanisms associated with hypovolemia would cause all of the following symptoms except:
- A. Hypertension
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Oliguria
- D. Tachypnea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a patient experiencing hemorrhage from multiple trauma sites leading to hypovolemia, compensatory mechanisms typically include an increase in heart rate (tachycardia), a decrease in urine output (oliguria), and an increase in respiratory rate (tachypnea). These mechanisms are the body's way of trying to maintain vital organ perfusion in the setting of decreased blood volume. However, hypertension is not typically seen in the setting of hypovolemia. In fact, blood pressure tends to decrease as a result of reduced circulating volume.
The nurse is teaching parents about prevention of urinary tract infections in children. Which factor predisposes the urinary tract to infection?
- A. Increased fluid intake
- B. Short urethra in young girls
- C. Prostatic secretions in males
- D. Frequent emptying of the bladder
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: One of the factors that predisposes the urinary tract to infection is a short urethra in young girls. The shorter urethra compared to boys makes it easier for bacteria to travel up the urinary tract and cause infections. This anatomical difference in young girls increases their susceptibility to urinary tract infections compared to boys. In boys, the longer length of the urethra provides a natural barrier for bacteria to enter the bladder, reducing the risk of infection.
With pulmonary edema, there is usually an alteration in:
- A. Afterload
- B. Preload
- C. Contractility
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pulmonary edema is characterized by the accumulation of excess fluid in the lungs, which can lead to impaired gas exchange and respiratory distress. In the presence of pulmonary edema, there is usually an alteration in all three factors mentioned: afterload, preload, and contractility.
What should a male client over age 50 do to help ensure early identification of prostate cancer?
- A. Have a digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test done yearly
- B. Have a transrectal ultrasound every 5 years
- C. Perform monthly testicular self-examinations, especially after age 50
- D. Have a complete blood count (CBC) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For male clients over age 50, early identification of prostate cancer involves a combination of regular digital rectal examination and PSA test. The digital rectal examination allows a healthcare provider to manually assess the size, shape, and consistency of the prostate gland, looking for any abnormalities such as nodules or hard areas that may indicate prostate cancer. The PSA test measures the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood, with elevated levels potentially signaling the presence of prostate cancer. Yearly screening using both these methods increases the chances of early detection and optimal management of prostate cancer in older male clients. Regular monitoring helps in identifying the disease at an earlier, more treatable stage, improving outcomes and prognosis.
An infant has been diagnosed with cow's milk allergy. What are the clinical manifestations the nurse expects to assess? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Pink mucous membranes
- B. Vomiting
- C. Rhinitis
- D. Abdominal pain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pink mucous membranes are not a typical clinical manifestation of cow's milk allergy. Allergies often present with symptoms affecting the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, skin, or a combination of these systems.