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Which action will the public health nurse perform when conducting an ethical community study?
- A. Require each participant who provides informed consent to complete the study.
- B. Obtain informed consent only from vulnerable populations.
- C. Get informed consent only if the risks of participating in the study are high.
- D. Obtain informed consent from each participant in the study.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because obtaining informed consent from each participant in the study is a fundamental ethical principle in research involving human subjects. This process ensures that participants are fully informed about the study, its risks, benefits, and their rights before agreeing to participate. This protects their autonomy and respects their right to make an informed decision about taking part in the study. Requiring each participant to provide informed consent also promotes transparency and trust between researchers and participants. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not uphold the principle of obtaining informed consent from each participant, which is essential for ethical research conduct.
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A public health nurse working in a rural area is developing a program to improve health for the local population. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
- A. Launch a media campaign to increase awareness about industrial pollution.
- B. Have a nurse from outside the community provide health lectures at the county hospital.
- C. Encourage rural residents to focus health spending on tertiary health interventions.
- D. Provide anticipatory guidance classes to parents through public schools.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because providing anticipatory guidance classes to parents through public schools is an effective strategy to improve health outcomes in a rural area. This approach promotes preventive health measures, educates parents on child development and safety, and empowers them to make informed health decisions. It also reaches a wide audience and utilizes existing community resources.
A) Launching a media campaign about industrial pollution may raise awareness but does not directly address the health needs of the local population.
B) Having a nurse from outside the community provide health lectures may not be as effective as engaging with local healthcare providers who understand the community's unique needs.
C) Focusing health spending on tertiary interventions is costly and may not address the root causes of health issues in a rural area.
A nurse is preparing to perform a sterile wound irrigation and dressing change for a client. Which of the following actions by the nurse breaks in surgical aseptic technique?
- A. Balancing the bottle on the sterile basin while pouring the liquid
- B. Clarify the reason for the referral
- C. Identify family needs and interventions
- D. Provide discharge teaching
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because balancing the bottle on the sterile basin contaminates the sterile field. Sterile technique requires keeping all items above waist level, avoiding leaning over the sterile field, and maintaining a safe distance to prevent contamination. Choices B, C, and D are unrelated to sterile technique and do not involve direct contact with the sterile field. Clarifying the reason for referral, identifying family needs, and providing discharge teaching are important aspects of nursing care but do not pertain to maintaining a sterile field during wound irrigation and dressing change.
Which of the following groups is pressuring clinicians the most to use evidence-based practice (EBP)?
- A. Administrators
- B. Insurance companies
- C. Nurses
- D. Physicians
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administrators. Administrators are pressuring clinicians the most to use evidence-based practice (EBP) as they are responsible for ensuring quality care, cost-effectiveness, and adherence to standards. They implement policies mandating EBP to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. Nurses and physicians may advocate for EBP, but administrators hold the most influence due to their oversight of healthcare operations. Insurance companies focus more on reimbursement criteria rather than direct pressure for EBP implementation.
Why has there been an increase in the number of acute and chronically ill people residingin the community who need professional nursing care?
- A. Shorter length of stay in long-term care facilities
- B. Increase in ambulatory surgery
- C. Decrease in the use of outpatient clinics
- D. Increase in length of stay in emergency departments
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A - Shorter length of stay in long-term care facilities
Rationale: Shorter stays in long-term care facilities mean patients are discharged sooner, leading to more individuals with acute and chronic illnesses needing nursing care in the community. This trend results in an increased demand for professional nursing care outside of traditional care settings.
Summary:
Choice B (Increase in ambulatory surgery) does not directly relate to the increase in the number of ill people residing in the community, as ambulatory surgery focuses on outpatient procedures.
Choice C (Decrease in the use of outpatient clinics) would actually lead to fewer individuals seeking care in the community, thus not explaining the increase in nursing care needs.
Choice D (Increase in length of stay in emergency departments) is unlikely to result in more individuals needing professional nursing care in the community, as emergency departments typically deal with acute issues that are either resolved or require hospitalization.
Which database would the public health nurse use when conducting research to locate regularly updated systematic reviews?
- A. Cochrane Library
- B. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
- C. Medline with Full Text
- D. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cochrane Library. The Cochrane Library is renowned for regularly updated systematic reviews, providing high-quality evidence for healthcare decision-making. It follows strict methodology to ensure reliability. AHRQ (B) focuses on healthcare quality improvement, not systematically updated reviews. While Medline (C) and CINAHL (D) are databases for primary research articles, they do not specifically focus on systematic reviews. Therefore, Cochrane Library is the most appropriate database for the public health nurse's research needs.