Nokea
A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of terminal cancer. Which of the following statements by the client should indicate to the nurse that the client is ready to hear information regarding palliative care?
- A. "I am ready to learn about chemotherapy to help cure my cancer."
- B. "I just want you to give me something to get this over with soon."
- C. "I want you to tell me about measures available to keep me comfortable."
- D. "I know that many people have recovered fully from cancer, and so will I."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the client's statement demonstrates a desire for comfort-focused care, which is the essence of palliative care for terminal cancer patients. The client is expressing a clear preference for measures that prioritize comfort and quality of life over aggressive treatment. This indicates readiness to receive information about palliative care.
Choice A is incorrect because the client mentions chemotherapy for a cure, indicating a focus on curative treatment rather than comfort care. Choice B is incorrect as the client seems to be expressing a desire for a quick end to their suffering, which may not align with palliative care goals. Choice D is incorrect because the client is expressing unrealistic optimism about recovery, which may hinder acceptance of palliative care.
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A nurse manager asks the staff to submit written suggestions for a change in policy. The group would then vote on the different suggestions. What type of decision-making technique did the nurse manager use?
- A. Statistical aggregation
- B. Nominal group technique
- C. Brainstorming
- D. Delphi
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nominal group technique. The nurse manager used this technique by asking staff to submit written suggestions, which are then voted on collectively. In nominal group technique, group members generate ideas individually, then share and discuss them as a group to reach a decision. This technique encourages equal participation, prevents domination by vocal members, and ensures all ideas are considered fairly.
A: Statistical aggregation involves combining data or opinions to reach a numerical result, not individual suggestions.
C: Brainstorming is a technique where a group generates ideas freely without immediate evaluation or criticism.
D: Delphi method involves gathering input from experts anonymously to reach a consensus, which is different from voting on written suggestions.
Healthcare systems primarily have functional structures. Which of the following would be an example of this?
- A. Open communication exists between Physical Therapy and Nursing.
- B. Medicine has authority over nursing.
- C. Laboratory services have little authority.
- D. All nursing tasks fall under nursing service.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because in a functional structure, tasks are grouped by function. All nursing tasks falling under nursing service exemplifies this as it centralizes nursing responsibilities within the nursing department. A is incorrect as it describes communication, not structure. B is incorrect as it implies a hierarchy, not a functional structure. C is incorrect as it suggests a lack of authority, not the grouping of tasks.
When is the time to make people think about the routines that have been previously followed and to consider what might be a better plan of action?
- A. Collection of data
- B. Planning
- C. Analyzing data
- D. Identification
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Planning. Planning is the stage where individuals evaluate existing routines, analyze data, and consider potential alternatives for better action. During planning, people reflect on past practices, identify strengths and weaknesses, and develop strategies for improvement. Collection of data (A) is essential for informed decision-making but doesn't necessarily involve critical reflection on routines. Analyzing data (C) focuses on interpreting and drawing conclusions from data rather than directly reevaluating routines. Identification (D) involves recognizing issues but doesn't inherently lead to considering better courses of action. Therefore, planning is the most appropriate choice for prompting people to think about improving their routines.
Verbal interventions with an agitated patient may be calming. These interventions include:
- A. Holding and reassuring the patient
- B. Encouraging other staff to distract the patient
- C. Remaining calm and keeping an arm's distance
- D. Standing close to the patient while talking
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because remaining calm and keeping an arm's distance is crucial when dealing with an agitated patient. This approach helps prevent escalating the situation and promotes a sense of safety. Holding and reassuring the patient (A) can be perceived as intrusive and may escalate the agitation. Encouraging other staff to distract the patient (B) can also be counterproductive as it may increase the patient's distress. Standing close to the patient while talking (D) can be perceived as threatening and may escalate the situation further. Thus, maintaining calm and keeping a safe distance is the most effective verbal intervention strategy.
When planning a budget, the nurse manager knows that costs depend on and change in direct proportion to patient volume and activity. What type of costs are these?
- A. Variable costs
- B. Indirect costs
- C. Fixed costs
- D. Direct costs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Variable costs. Variable costs are costs that change in direct proportion to the level of activity or volume. In this scenario, as patient volume and activity increase or decrease, the costs will fluctuate accordingly. Indirect costs (B) are not directly tied to patient volume. Fixed costs (C) remain constant regardless of patient volume. Direct costs (D) are specific to the production of a good or service and are not necessarily impacted by patient volume.