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A healthcare professional is caring for a client who has a sodium level of 125 mEq/L (136 to 145 mEq/L). Which of the following findings should the healthcare professional expect?
- A. Positive Chvostek's sign
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Numbness of the extremities
- D. Abdominal cramping
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Abdominal cramping. A sodium level of 125 mEq/L indicates hyponatremia, which can lead to abdominal cramping due to electrolyte imbalance affecting muscle function. Chvostek's sign (choice A) is associated with hypocalcemia, not hyponatremia. Bradycardia (choice B) is more commonly seen in hyperkalemia. Numbness of the extremities (choice C) is a symptom of hypocalcemia or peripheral neuropathy, not specifically related to hyponatremia. In summary, the healthcare professional should expect abdominal cramping as a result of the low sodium level in this client.
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Which of the following statements regarding leadership and management is true?
- A. Leadership is focused on the achievement of organizational goals.
- B. One must develop the ability to adapt in order to lead.
- C. Management occurs when an individual attempts to influence another.
- D. Successful managers encourage others to work together toward a common goal.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale:
D is the correct answer because successful managers indeed play a key role in encouraging collaboration and teamwork to achieve common goals. Managers are responsible for overseeing tasks, guiding employees, and fostering a positive work environment. By encouraging teamwork, managers can enhance productivity and efficiency within the organization.
A: Leadership focuses on inspiring and guiding others towards achieving organizational goals, not just solely achieving goals themselves.
B: The ability to adapt is important for effective leadership, but it is not the defining characteristic.
C: Management involves influencing others, but it is not solely about attempting to influence others; it also involves planning, organizing, and controlling resources.
Which of the following is a common characteristic of a high-performing healthcare team?
- A. Effective communication
- B. Shared leadership
- C. Collaborative decision making
- D. Hierarchical structure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Collaborative decision making. This is a common characteristic of a high-performing healthcare team because it promotes teamwork, respect for diverse perspectives, and ensures that decisions are made collectively with input from all team members. Collaborative decision making allows for better problem-solving, increases team morale, and fosters a sense of ownership and accountability among team members.
A: Effective communication is important in a healthcare team, but it alone does not guarantee high performance.
B: Shared leadership is valuable, but it is not as essential as collaborative decision making in ensuring team success.
D: Hierarchical structure can hinder collaboration and innovation within a team, making it less likely to be high-performing.
In summary, collaborative decision making is the best choice as it promotes teamwork, inclusivity, and better decision outcomes within a healthcare team.
Which agency reviews whether an organization meets its own criteria for staffing?
- A. American Nurses Association (ANA)
- B. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)
- C. Patient Classification Systems (PCSs)
- D. Nursing Care Hours (NCHs)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO). JCAHO is responsible for accrediting healthcare organizations and ensuring they meet specific standards, including staffing requirements. They review whether an organization meets its own criteria for staffing to ensure quality care. The other choices (ANA, PCSs, NCHs) are not specifically focused on accrediting organizations or evaluating staffing criteria, making them incorrect options.
Healthcare systems primarily have functional structures. Which of the following would be an example of this?
- A. Open communication exists between Physical Therapy and Nursing.
- B. Medicine has authority over nursing.
- C. Laboratory services have little authority.
- D. All nursing tasks fall under nursing service.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because in a functional structure, tasks are grouped by function. All nursing tasks falling under nursing service exemplifies this as it centralizes nursing responsibilities within the nursing department. A is incorrect as it describes communication, not structure. B is incorrect as it implies a hierarchy, not a functional structure. C is incorrect as it suggests a lack of authority, not the grouping of tasks.
A nurse needs to know how to increase her power base. Which of the following are ways nurses can generate power as described by Umiker?
- A. Using body language, standing when talking
- B. Listening for feelings
- C. Using words, avoiding clich©s
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the options mentioned contribute to increasing a nurse's power base.
A: Using body language and standing when talking can convey confidence and assertiveness, enhancing power.
B: Listening for feelings builds rapport and empathy, leading to influence and power.
C: Using words effectively and avoiding clichés demonstrates communication skills, influencing power dynamics.
Therefore, by combining these strategies, nurses can maximize their power base effectively.