Nokea
A client with advanced liver cancer is scheduled for chemotherapy. As part of the chemotherapy regimen, the nurse expects the physician to prescribe:
- A. Fluoxymesterone (Halotestin)
- B. Fluorouracil (5-fluorouracil, 5 FU
- C. Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) [Fluoroplex])
- D. Megestrol (Megace)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fluorouracil (5-fluorouracil, 5-FU). Fluorouracil is a commonly used chemotherapy drug for treating advanced liver cancer. It works by inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. This drug is specifically effective in targeting rapidly dividing cells, which is a characteristic of cancer cells. Fluorouracil is often used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs to improve treatment outcomes.
Summary of other choices:
A: Fluoxymesterone (Halotestin) - This is an androgen hormone used to treat certain types of breast cancer, not liver cancer.
C: Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) - This is a hormonal therapy drug used in breast cancer, not liver cancer.
D: Megestrol (Megace) - This is a hormonal therapy drug used for certain types of cancers, but not typically for liver cancer.
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Which of the ff. statements does the nurse understand is true concerning air conduction of sound in the ear?
- A. It is caused by the vibration of bones in the skull.
- B. It is less efficient than bone conduction.
- C. It is heard longer than bone conduction.
- D. It is caused by transmission of heat through the air.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because air conduction is less efficient than bone conduction due to the sound waves traveling through the air in the ear canal, which can be hindered by factors like blockages or obstructions. This results in a weaker and less clear sound transmission compared to bone conduction, where sound waves are transmitted directly through the bones of the skull, bypassing any potential obstructions in the ear canal.
Incorrect choices:
A: This statement is incorrect as air conduction of sound in the ear is not caused by the vibration of bones in the skull.
C: This statement is incorrect as air conduction is typically heard for a shorter duration than bone conduction.
D: This statement is incorrect as air conduction of sound in the ear is not caused by the transmission of heat through the air, but rather by sound waves traveling through the ear canal.
What is the nurse’s firstaction?
- A. Follow the clinical protocol for a stroke.
- B. Review the most recent lab results for the patient’s potassium level. Assess the patient for other symptoms or problems, and then notify the health care
- C. provider. Administer an antihypertensive medication from the stock supply, and then notify the
- D. health care provider.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. First, reviewing lab results for potassium level is important in assessing potential electrolyte imbalances that may contribute to the patient's symptoms. This allows for a comprehensive understanding of the patient's condition. Assessing the patient for other symptoms or problems is crucial to gather additional information. Finally, notifying the healthcare provider ensures timely communication and collaboration for appropriate care. Choice A is incorrect as following a clinical protocol for a stroke is premature without a comprehensive assessment. Choice C is incorrect as administering medication without a thorough assessment and provider notification can be dangerous. Choice D is incorrect as notifying the healthcare provider should precede administering any medication.
Which of the following is a nurse patient care role in the preoperative phase?
- A. Obtaining preoperative orders
- B. Offering emotional support
- C. Explaining the surgical procedure
- D. Providing informed consent
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Offering emotional support. In the preoperative phase, a nurse's role includes comforting and reassuring the patient to reduce anxiety and promote emotional well-being. This is crucial for the patient's overall experience and can positively impact their recovery. Obtaining preoperative orders (A) is typically the responsibility of the physician. Explaining the surgical procedure (C) is usually done by the surgeon. Providing informed consent (D) involves ensuring the patient understands the risks and benefits of the procedure, which is typically the responsibility of the healthcare provider performing the procedure.
The nurse begins a shift assessment by examining a surgical dressing that is saturated with serosanguineous drainage on a patient who had open abdominal surgery yesterday (or 1 day ago). Which type of assessment approach is the nurse using?
- A. Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns
- B. Activity-exercise pattern assessment
- C. General to specific assessment
- D. Problem-oriented assessment
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: General to specific assessment. In this scenario, the nurse is starting with a broad assessment of the surgical dressing and the type of drainage present, then will progress to more specific assessments based on the findings. This approach allows for a systematic and comprehensive evaluation of the patient's condition by moving from general observations to detailed examinations.
Explanation:
1. General assessment: The nurse is initially assessing the overall appearance of the surgical dressing and the type of drainage.
2. Specific assessment: Based on the initial findings, the nurse will proceed to conduct more focused assessments, such as checking for signs of infection, monitoring vital signs, and assessing the surgical site for any complications.
Other choices are incorrect:
A: Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns - This framework focuses on assessing different aspects of an individual's health patterns, such as activity level, sleep patterns, and coping mechanisms. It is not the most appropriate approach in this situation.
B: Activity-exercise pattern assessment - This type of assessment focuses
One of the side effects of INH administration is peripheral neuropathy. To prevent this effect, Nurse Carlos teaches Andrew to:
- A. have a strict low cholesterol diet
- B. get extra bed rest
- C. supplement the diet with pyridoxine
- D. avoid excessive sun exposure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. INH (Isoniazid) can lead to peripheral neuropathy due to vitamin B6 deficiency.
2. Pyridoxine is vitamin B6, which helps prevent neuropathy.
3. Supplementing with pyridoxine can counteract the deficiency caused by INH.
4. Thus, option C, supplementing the diet with pyridoxine, is the correct choice.
Summary:
- Option A is incorrect as a low cholesterol diet does not address the vitamin B6 deficiency.
- Option B is incorrect as excessive bed rest does not prevent neuropathy.
- Option D is incorrect as sun exposure is not related to the prevention of peripheral neuropathy.