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A client with dementia gets angry and begins to yell at the nurse during mealtime. The nurse leaves the client's side for 5 to 10 minutes and then returns. Which of the following best explains the nurse's behavior?
- A. The nurse was unsure of how to calm the client.
- B. The nurse was frustrated and needed to take a time-out.
- C. The nurse gave the client a chance to calm down before resuming the meal.
- D. The nurse stepped away to verify the safety of other clients.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Leaving briefly allows the client to calm down, leveraging their short memory to resume interaction calmly.
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The nurse encourages the client with dementia to meet nutritional needs. Which is the best approach to assist in meeting adequate dietary intake?
- A. Sit with the client as long as necessary to complete the meal.
- B. Provide entertainment during meals such as television or music.
- C. Avoid between-meal snacks to encourage appetite.
- D. Serve meals in small, bite-size pieces.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Serving food in bite-size pieces accommodates motor difficulties and reduces frustration during meals.
The daughter of a client with dementia has been the primary caregiver for 5 months. The daughter expresses to the nurse, 'At times it is so overwhelming! I feel I do not have a life anymore!' Which is the most helpful response by the nurse?
- A. Are you saying you don't want to care for your mother anymore?
- B. I know it is really hard. It takes a lot of work and you are doing such a good job.
- C. Your mother really appreciates what you do for her. You are the best one to care for her.
- D. Here is the number of a caregivers' support group. How do you think you would feel talking with others in the same situation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Offering a support group provides practical help and emotional validation for the caregiver's stress.
A client with dementia is unable to recognize ordinary objects, such as a pen or notebook. Which would this be a symptom of?
- A. Agnosia
- B. Amnesia
- C. Apraxia
- D. Aphasia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Agnosia is the inability to recognize familiar objects, a hallmark of dementia, distinct from memory loss (amnesia), motor impairment (apraxia), or language deterioration (aphasia).
The nurse caring for an elderly woman with dementia has asked the woman's children to bring old photo albums when they visit. Which best describes the usefulness of viewing photos when caring for the dementia client?
- A. Viewing photos is a form of reminiscence therapy for the client.
- B. Sharing photos will encourage interaction with other clients.
- C. This can help the children to correctly identify old photographs.
- D. Talking about the photos will encourage the client to live in the past.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Reminiscence therapy using photos stimulates remote memory, which is less impaired in dementia.
The nurse is performing a health history with a client exhibiting signs of delirium. The nurse asks the client and family members about possible causes of the delirious state. Which would the nurse likely attribute as underlying causes for the client's delirium? Select all that apply.
- A. Recent alcohol use
- B. Dehydration
- C. Use of antihistamines
- D. Sleep disturbances
- E. Use of megadoses of vitamins
- F. Exposure to paint or gasoline
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,F
Rationale: Delirium can be triggered by alcohol, dehydration, antihistamines, sleep disturbances, and exposure to toxins like paint or gasoline, but not typically by megadoses of vitamins.