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A client with dementia is unable to recognize ordinary objects, such as a pen or notebook. Which would this be a symptom of?
- A. Agnosia
- B. Amnesia
- C. Apraxia
- D. Aphasia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Agnosia is the inability to recognize familiar objects, a hallmark of dementia, distinct from memory loss (amnesia), motor impairment (apraxia), or language deterioration (aphasia).
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The grown daughter of a woman with Alzheimer's disease reports to the nurse that she is trying to keep her mother's condition from worsening by asking her questions whenever they are together. Which will be accomplished by this intervention?
- A. Decrease environmental misinterpretation
- B. Improve memory retention
- C. Increase frustration
- D. Slow the progress of the disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Questioning clients with Alzheimer's about tasks they cannot perform increases frustration due to their progressive cognitive decline.
A client with dementia is starting pharmacotherapy to slow the progression of cognitive decline. The client has a history of moderate but steady alcohol use over the past 45 years. Which medication should the nurse question as least suitable for this client?
- A. Tacrine (Cognex)
- B. Memantine (Namenda)
- C. Donepezil (Aricept)
- D. Rivastigmine (Exelon)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tacrine is less suitable due to its high risk of liver toxicity, particularly concerning given the client's history of alcohol use.
Which statement made by the nurse would be most appropriate to an 89-year-old patient who is confused but has no history of dementia and is hospitalized for an acute urinary tract infection?
- A. You are likely to become progressively more confused now.
- B. This should be just a temporary situation.
- C. Don't worry about it, everyone is confused when they are in the hospital.
- D. I know things are upsetting and confusing right now, but your confusion should clear as you get better.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: This response validates the patient's feelings while providing reassurance that delirium from the infection is typically temporary.
The caregiver of a client with Alzheimer's disease reports to the nurse that often the client will suddenly become angry during meals and nothing seems to calm him down. The nurse teaches the caregiver to use distraction techniques. Which response would be best to teach as an example of this technique?
- A. Let's look at what is on television.
- B. If you stop yelling, I will get your dessert.
- C. Don't you want to finish your meal?
- D. I don't understand what you are saying.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Distraction, such as watching television, redirects the client's focus and helps de-escalate agitation.
A nurse is educating a group of elderly community members about cognitive disorders. Which would the nurse include as a measure most likely to prevent Alzheimer's disease and other dementias?
- A. Crafts
- B. Cooking
- C. Watching television
- D. Reading
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reading and other brain-stimulating activities are associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease.