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The nurse caring for an elderly woman with dementia has asked the woman's children to bring old photo albums when they visit. Which best describes the usefulness of viewing photos when caring for the dementia client?
- A. Viewing photos is a form of reminiscence therapy for the client.
- B. Sharing photos will encourage interaction with other clients.
- C. This can help the children to correctly identify old photographs.
- D. Talking about the photos will encourage the client to live in the past.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Reminiscence therapy using photos stimulates remote memory, which is less impaired in dementia.
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The nurse is assessing a client with early signs of dementia. What is the nurse trying to determine when the nurse asks the client what he ate for breakfast that morning?
- A. Orientation
- B. Food preferences
- C. Recent memory
- D. Remote memory
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Asking about breakfast assesses recent memory, which is typically impaired early in dementia.
Which is believed to be a risk factor specific to the development of delirium?
- A. Increased severity of physical illness
- B. Older age
- C. Baseline cognitive impairment
- D. Gradual decline in functioning
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increased severity of physical illness is a primary trigger for delirium, unlike gradual decline, which is characteristic of dementia.
The nurse is caring for a client with cognitive impairment. To determine whether the client is suffering from delirium or dementia, the nurse reviews the symptoms and course of each disorder.
- A. Rapid onset
- B. Progressive decline
- C. Long-term memory impairment
- D. Slurred speech
- E. Hallucinations
Correct Answer: A : Delirium, B: Dementia, C: Dementia, D: Delirium ,E: Delirium
Rationale: Delirium features rapid onset, slurred speech, and hallucinations, while dementia involves progressive decline and long-term memory impairment.
Which statement made by the nurse would be most appropriate to an 89-year-old patient who is confused but has no history of dementia and is hospitalized for an acute urinary tract infection?
- A. You are likely to become progressively more confused now.
- B. This should be just a temporary situation.
- C. Don't worry about it, everyone is confused when they are in the hospital.
- D. I know things are upsetting and confusing right now, but your confusion should clear as you get better.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: This response validates the patient's feelings while providing reassurance that delirium from the infection is typically temporary.
A new nurse has been working with clients with Alzheimer's disease for almost 6 months. During a staff meeting, the nurse expresses frustration because the same instructions have to be given to clients on a daily basis. The nurse states, 'I feel like all my work doesn't do them any good.' Which should the nurse's supervisor encourage the nurse to do?
- A. Cease giving instructions because the clients will not remember them anyway.
- B. Try to stay supportive and meet the clients' needs at the current moment.
- C. Seek counseling if personal feelings get in the way of client care.
- D. Consider transferring to a different client care specialty area.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Remaining supportive and focusing on current needs helps manage frustration and maintains client-centered care.