Nokea
A client with diabetes mellitus has a prescription for Glucotrol XL (glipizide). The client should be instructed to take the medication:
- A. At bedtime
- B. With breakfast
- C. Before lunch
- D. After dinner
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Taking Glucotrol XL with breakfast aligns with its peak action to control post-meal glucose in diabetes bedtime, pre-lunch, or post-dinner mistime it. Nurses teach this, ensuring glycemic control, vital for managing type 2 diabetes effectively.
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A client has a Staphylococcus infection in a decubitus ulcer. In this case, Staphylococcus is the:
- A. Host
- B. Agent
- C. Environment
- D. Disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the Agent-Host-Environment Model, Staphylococcus is the agent the causative factor triggering illness, here infecting a decubitus ulcer. The client is the host, whose skin integrity and immunity determine susceptibility. The environment bedridden conditions or hygiene sets the stage for infection. The disease is the resulting pathology, like the ulcer's worsening. This model dissects causation: Staphylococcus (bacteria) invades the host (client) in a conducive environment (immobility), driving nursing interventions cleaning wounds, repositioning to disrupt the triad. Understanding the agent's role guides targeted care, like antibiotics, breaking the infection cycle. It's a practical lens for nurses, pinpointing external triggers to prevent or manage illness effectively, especially in chronic wound scenarios.
Which of the following statement best describe cultural competence?
- A. Ignoring client's cultural beliefs
- B. Providing care that respects cultural differences
- C. Forcing client to follow hospital culture
- D. Treating all clients the same way
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cultural competence is providing care respecting cultural differences (B), per nursing standards tailoring to beliefs (e.g., diet, rituals). Ignoring (A), forcing (C), or sameness (D) dismiss diversity. B best defines competence as culturally sensitive care, aligning with Purnell's model, making it correct.
Which of the following activities on the part of the nurse most demonstrates individualization of the nursing-care plan for a client?
- A. Include client's preferred times of care and methods used.
- B. Write the care plan instead of taking it off the computer.
- C. Use a care plan from a book but add some things to it.
- D. Select nursing diagnoses that match the client's problems
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Individualizing a care plan is best shown by including the client's preferred times and methods, tailoring care to their unique needs and lifestyle. For instance, scheduling baths when a client feels most rested respects their routine, enhancing comfort and compliance. Writing plans manually or adapting generic ones lacks this personal touch, while matching diagnoses is standard, not individualized. This approach reflects client-centered care, ensuring interventions like wound care timing fit the individual, boosting effectiveness and satisfaction.
Which of the following statement is TRUE about do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders?
- A. Stops all treatment
- B. Prevents CPR
- C. Only for emergencies
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: DNR prevents CPR (B), per definition specific to resuscitation. Not all treatment (A), not emergency-only (C), not all (D) focused order. B truly defines DNR's scope, like Mr. Gary's potential choice, ensuring no CPR if heart stops, making it correct.
What type of patient care model is the most common for student nurses and private duty nurses?
- A. Total patient care
- B. Team nursing
- C. Primary Nursing
- D. Case management
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Total patient care, where one nurse handles all client needs like meds and hygiene is prevalent for student nurses and private duty nurses. Students benefit from focused, hands-on learning (e.g., managing a post-op patient solo), while private nurses provide personalized attention (e.g., home care). Team nursing splits tasks, primary nursing ensures continuity, and case management coordinates, but total care's simplicity suits training and one-on-one settings. Its direct accountability fosters skill mastery, widely used in educational and private contexts.