Nokea
A client with hyperparathyroidism is being assessed. Which of the following symptoms is the nurse likely to find?
- A. Tetany
- B. Hypocalcemia
- C. Bone pain
- D. Hypotension
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In hyperparathyroidism, there is excessive production of parathyroid hormone, leading to increased calcium resorption from the bones. This process causes bone pain, making choice C the correct answer. Tetany (choice A) is associated with hypocalcemia, not hyperparathyroidism. Hypocalcemia (choice B) is the opposite condition of hyperparathyroidism, where blood calcium levels are elevated. Hypotension (choice D) is not a typical symptom of hyperparathyroidism.
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The client has hyperparathyroidism. Which of the following dietary instructions should the nurse provide?
- A. Increase calcium intake
- B. Limit phosphorus intake
- C. Increase fluid intake
- D. Limit vitamin D intake
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is to 'Increase fluid intake.' This is because increasing fluid intake helps prevent kidney stones, a common complication of hyperparathyroidism. While calcium is involved in the condition, increasing calcium intake is not recommended as it can exacerbate hypercalcemia, which is commonly present in hyperparathyroidism. Limiting phosphorus intake is not directly related to managing hyperparathyroidism. Limiting vitamin D intake is also not typically necessary in managing hyperparathyroidism, as it is usually a calcium and PTH-related issue.
A client at risk for hypokalemia is being instructed by a nurse about foods high in potassium that should be included in the daily diet. The nurse determines that the client understands the food sources of potassium if the client states that the food item lowest in potassium is:
- A. Apples
- B. Carrots
- C. Spinach
- D. Avocado
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Apples.' Apples are the lowest in potassium among the given options. Carrots, spinach, and avocados are all higher in potassium content compared to apples. Carrots and spinach are vegetables known to have a moderate amount of potassium. Avocados, on the other hand, are a high-potassium fruit and would not be the lowest in potassium among the choices provided.
A client with diabetes mellitus is receiving an oral antidiabetic medication. The nurse should monitor for which of the following adverse effects?
- A. Weight gain
- B. Hypoglycemia
- C. Hyperglycemia
- D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypoglycemia. When a client with diabetes mellitus is taking oral antidiabetic medication, the nurse should closely monitor for hypoglycemia, which is a common adverse effect. Hypoglycemia occurs when the blood sugar levels drop below normal range, leading to symptoms like confusion, shakiness, and sweating. Weight gain (Choice A) is not a typical adverse effect of oral antidiabetic medications. Hyperglycemia (Choice C) is the opposite of the desired effect of antidiabetic medications, which aim to lower blood sugar levels. Bradycardia (Choice D) is not directly associated with oral antidiabetic medications; it refers to a slow heart rate.
A client with hyperthyroidism is prescribed radioactive iodine therapy. The nurse should monitor for which of the following potential side effects?
- A. Hypothyroidism
- B. Hyperthyroidism
- C. Hypercalcemia
- D. Hyperglycemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When a client with hyperthyroidism undergoes radioactive iodine therapy, the treatment aims to reduce thyroid hormone production by destroying thyroid tissue. As a result, there is a high likelihood of developing hypothyroidism as a side effect. Monitoring for hypothyroidism is crucial post-treatment. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the therapeutic goal is to address hyperthyroidism by inducing hypothyroidism through the treatment.
In a 29-year-old female client who is being successfully treated for Cushing's syndrome, nurse Lyzette would expect a decline in:
- A. Serum glucose level.
- B. Hair loss.
- C. Bone mineralization.
- D. Menstrual flow.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Serum glucose level. In Cushing's syndrome, there is excess cortisol production which can lead to hyperglycemia. Successful treatment of Cushing's syndrome aims to normalize cortisol levels, resulting in a decline in serum glucose levels. Choice B, hair loss, is not specifically associated with Cushing's syndrome or its treatment. Choice C, bone mineralization, is often compromised in Cushing's syndrome due to the effects of excess cortisol on bones; however, successful treatment would aim to improve bone health rather than decline it. Choice D, menstrual flow, is not directly linked to Cushing's syndrome or its treatment, so a decline in menstrual flow would not be an expected outcome of successful treatment.