Nokea
A client with hypertension is being educated by a healthcare professional about lifestyle changes. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should consume foods low in potassium.
- B. I should consume foods low in sodium.
- C. I should consume foods high in saturated fats.
- D. I should consume foods high in cholesterol.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'I should consume foods low in sodium.' This statement indicates an understanding of managing hypertension. Excessive sodium intake can lead to increased blood pressure, so reducing sodium consumption is crucial in hypertension management to prevent complications. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Consuming foods low in potassium is not typically recommended for hypertension management as potassium-rich foods like fruits and vegetables can be beneficial. Consuming foods high in saturated fats and cholesterol can be detrimental to cardiovascular health and should be limited in individuals with hypertension.
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Which of the following statement is NOT true about safety protocols?
- A. Reduce harm
- B. Guide care
- C. Only for emergencies
- D. Part of nursing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Safety protocols reduce harm (A), guide care (B), are nursing (D) 'only for emergencies' (C) isn't true, used always, per standards. C's limit contradicts broad use, like Mr. Gary's routine care, making it untrue.
A healthcare provider is providing teaching to a client regarding protein intake. Which of the following foods should the healthcare provider include as an example of an incomplete protein?
- A. Eggs
- B. Soybeans
- C. Lentils
- D. Yogurt
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lentils. Incomplete proteins lack one or more essential amino acids required for protein synthesis in the body. Examples of incomplete proteins include lentils, vegetables, grains, nuts, and seeds. Lentils, a plant-based protein source, are considered incomplete as they do not contain all essential amino acids in sufficient amounts. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as eggs, soybeans, and yogurt are examples of complete proteins, containing all essential amino acids in the right proportions for the body's needs.
A client with peptic ulcer disease is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should avoid drinking milk.
- B. I should avoid drinking coffee.
- C. I should avoid eating high-fiber foods.
- D. I should avoid eating low-fat foods.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Avoiding coffee is important in managing peptic ulcer disease as it helps reduce acid production and alleviate symptoms. Coffee is known to stimulate acid secretion in the stomach, which can exacerbate ulcer symptoms. Therefore, instructing the client to avoid drinking coffee is essential in the dietary management of peptic ulcer disease. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Drinking milk is generally allowed and can even provide a protective effect against ulcers. High-fiber foods are beneficial for digestion and do not need to be avoided unless they cause discomfort. Low-fat foods are also typically recommended for individuals with peptic ulcer disease as they are easier on the digestive system.
Which of the following clinical findings is expected in a patient who has undergone gastric lavage and prolonged vomiting?
- A. Decreased serum pH
- B. Increased serum bicarbonate level
- C. Increased serum oxygen level
- D. Decreased serum osmotic level
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prolonged vomiting and gastric lavage lose stomach acid (HCl), causing metabolic alkalosis elevated pH, not decreased (acidosis). Bicarbonate rises as the body compensates, not oxygen or osmolarity, which are unrelated. Nurses monitor for alkalosis symptoms (e.g., tetany), correcting with fluids like saline, restoring acid-base balance disrupted by gastric content loss.
A client with iron-deficiency anemia is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should increase my intake of foods high in iron.
- B. I should decrease my intake of foods high in iron.
- C. I should increase my intake of foods high in calcium.
- D. I should decrease my intake of foods high in calcium.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'I should increase my intake of foods high in iron.' Iron-deficiency anemia is managed by increasing the consumption of iron-rich foods to improve iron levels in the body. Foods high in iron include red meat, poultry, fish, beans, lentils, and iron-fortified cereals. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because decreasing intake of iron-rich foods or increasing intake of calcium-rich foods would not address the deficiency in iron levels that characterizes iron-deficiency anemia.