Nokea
The best position for examining the rectum is:
- A. Prone
- B. Sim's
- C. Knee-chest
- D. Lithotomy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Knee-chest provides optimal access and visibility for rectal exams.
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A client with lactose intolerance is being taught about dietary management by a nurse. Which statement by the client shows an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- B. I should increase my intake of dairy products.
- C. I should avoid foods that contain gluten.
- D. I should increase my intake of high-fiber foods.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'I should avoid foods that contain lactose.' Lactose intolerance results from the inability to digest lactose, a sugar found in dairy products. Avoiding foods that contain lactose is essential in managing symptoms like bloating, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Choice B is incorrect because increasing dairy intake would worsen symptoms. Choice C is incorrect because gluten is unrelated to lactose intolerance. Choice D is incorrect because high-fiber foods are beneficial for other conditions but do not specifically address lactose intolerance.
When caring for a client with a spinal cord injury, the nurse continually monitors this client for which medical emergency?
- A. Hemorrhage
- B. Hypovolemic shock
- C. Gastrointestinal atony
- D. Autonomic hyperreflexia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Autonomic hyperreflexia (D) is a medical emergency in spinal cord injury (SCI) above T6, causing severe hypertension from unopposed sympathetic response. Hemorrhage (A) or shock (B) requires trauma context. GI atony (C) is chronic, not emergent. D is correct. Rationale: Hyperreflexia, triggered by stimuli like bladder distension, can lead to stroke or death if untreated, requiring urgent monitoring and intervention, per SCI emergency protocols, unlike less acute complications.
Which of the following theorists stressed energy fields in their nursing theory?
- A. Dorothea Orem
- B. Helen Neuman
- C. Rosemarie Parse
- D. Martha E. Rogers
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Martha E. Rogers' nursing theory, the Science of Unitary Human Beings, uniquely stresses energy fields, viewing humans and their environments as dynamic, interconnected patterns. Unlike Orem's self-care focus, Neuman's systems approach, or Parse's human becoming perspective, Rogers emphasizes energy exchange like therapeutic touch affecting health. For instance, a nurse might consider environmental energy disruptions when a client's recovery stalls, applying this abstract concept practically. This distinguishes her theory, integrating physics-like principles into nursing to enhance holistic understanding and care.
Which of the following statement is NOT true about active listening?
- A. Involves feedback
- B. Shows empathy
- C. Ignores patient
- D. Part of communication
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Active listening involves feedback (A), shows empathy (B), is communication (D) 'ignores patient' (C) isn't true, focuses on them, per technique. C's neglect contradicts listening's intent, like with Mr. Gary, making it untrue.
Which of the following statement best describe patient rights?
- A. Privileges given by nurses
- B. Legal and ethical entitlements
- C. Temporary benefits
- D. Hospital rules
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Patient rights are legal and ethical entitlements (B), per standards e.g., consent, privacy. Not nurse-given (A), not temporary (C), not rules (D) inherent protections. B best defines rights' basis, like Mr. Gary's care expectations, making it correct.